Factor loadings, validity and reliability results
| Label | Concepts and measures (Cronbach’s alpha/composite reliability/ average variance extracted) | Loading (t-value) |
|---|---|---|
| GSCMP | Green supply chain management practices. For the past three years, my company… (0.93/0.91/0.80) | |
| GSCMP1 | Uses cross-functional teams to improve environmental performance | 0.820 (FIXED) |
| GSCMP2 | My company makes sure that its suppliers use non-hazardous and biodegradable packaging | 0.811 (18.72) |
| GSCMP3 | Together with suppliers, we decide how to lessen the overall environmental impact of our products | 0.769 (16.33) |
| GSCMP4 | We collaborate with our clients on eco-design | 0.777 (16.93) |
| GSCMP5 | We work with our suppliers to enhance efforts to reduce waste | 0.794 (18.27) |
| GSCMP6 | We officially monitor and report on the environmental performance of our organisation | 0.808 (18.56) |
| INSPRES | Institutional pressure. For the past three years… (0.93/0.92/0.88) | |
| INSPRES1 | Our most important suppliers think that we ought to implement GSCM practices | 0.883 (20.06) |
| INSPRES2 | Green supply chain practices are currently being widely used by our major competitors | 0.889 (20.28) |
| INSPRES3 | Our organisation is compelled to adopt environmentally friendly operations due to strict government rules on environmental preservation | 0.843 (18.48) |
| INSPRES4 | Our company has adopted green practices because of consumers’ growing environmental sensitivity | 0.855 (FIXED) |
| GTECHINNOV | Green technological innovation. For the past three years… (0.91/0.89/0.79) | |
| GTECHINNOV1 | We have introduced products and services with distinctive environmental and technological qualities | 0.939 (17.78) |
| GTECHINNOV2 | We use state-of-the-art technologies for new product and service development | 0.677(12.90) |
| GTECHINNOV3 | We have been competitive when it comes to green technology | 0.703 (FIXED) |
| GTECHINNOV4 | We adopt the newest green technological developments rapidly | 0.798 (15.45) |
| GTECHINNOV5 | The policies, practices and green technology of our organization change rapidly | 0.818 (15.64) |
| FPERF | Firm performance. For the past three years… (0.88/0.94/0.87) | |
| FPERF1 | We have experienced growth in market share | 0.883 (14.46) |
| PERF2 | We have experienced an increase in sales | 0.889 (13.72) |
| FPERF3 | We have witnessed a growth in profitability | 0.843 (14.00) |
| FPERF4 | My firm has been able to reduce labour turnover | 0.855 (12.80) |
| FPERF5 | We have been able to improve on overall performance of our firm | 0.883 (FIXED) |
| Label | Concepts and measures (Cronbach’s alpha/composite reliability/ average variance extracted) | Loading ( |
|---|---|---|
| Green supply chain management practices. For the past three years, my company… (0.93/0.91/0.80) | ||
| GSCMP1 | Uses cross-functional teams to improve environmental performance | 0.820 ( |
| GSCMP2 | My company makes sure that its suppliers use non-hazardous and biodegradable packaging | 0.811 (18.72) |
| GSCMP3 | Together with suppliers, we decide how to lessen the overall environmental impact of our products | 0.769 (16.33) |
| GSCMP4 | We collaborate with our clients on eco-design | 0.777 (16.93) |
| GSCMP5 | We work with our suppliers to enhance efforts to reduce waste | 0.794 (18.27) |
| GSCMP6 | We officially monitor and report on the environmental performance of our organisation | 0.808 (18.56) |
| INSPRES | Institutional pressure. For the past three years… (0.93/0.92/0.88) | |
| INSPRES1 | Our most important suppliers think that we ought to implement | 0.883 (20.06) |
| INSPRES2 | Green supply chain practices are currently being widely used by our major competitors | 0.889 (20.28) |
| INSPRES3 | Our organisation is compelled to adopt environmentally friendly operations due to strict government rules on environmental preservation | 0.843 (18.48) |
| INSPRES4 | Our company has adopted green practices because of consumers’ growing environmental sensitivity | 0.855 ( |
| GTECHINNOV | Green technological innovation. For the past three years… (0.91/0.89/0.79) | |
| GTECHINNOV1 | We have introduced products and services with distinctive environmental and technological qualities | 0.939 (17.78) |
| GTECHINNOV2 | We use state-of-the-art technologies for new product and service development | 0.677(12.90) |
| GTECHINNOV3 | We have been competitive when it comes to green technology | 0.703 ( |
| GTECHINNOV4 | We adopt the newest green technological developments rapidly | 0.798 (15.45) |
| GTECHINNOV5 | The policies, practices and green technology of our organization change rapidly | 0.818 (15.64) |
| Firm performance. For the past three years… (0.88/0.94/0.87) | ||
| FPERF1 | We have experienced growth in market share | 0.883 (14.46) |
| PERF2 | We have experienced an increase in sales | 0.889 (13.72) |
| FPERF3 | We have witnessed a growth in profitability | 0.843 (14.00) |
| FPERF4 | My firm has been able to reduce labour turnover | 0.855 (12.80) |
| FPERF5 | We have been able to improve on overall performance of our firm | 0.883 ( |
GSCMP = green supply chain management; INSPRES = institutional pressure; GTECHINNOV = green technological innovation; FPERF = firm performance
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