Qualitative data analysis identifying the six-cell typology (n = 78)
| First order – identifying the six-cell typology | Second order | Aggregate |
|---|---|---|
| “[A]ddresses business models and their implications for sustainability … integrated with … climate science for grounding” (47.3) | Includes basic natural science topics (e.g. climate science) within general business focus | Natural Science and General Business focus (n = 4) |
| “[S]students will … understand basic earth system science and ecology … and the destabilizing effects of interventions on those systems” (202) | ||
| Topics include circular economy, life cycle assessments and systems thinking. (95.1) | Includes concepts bridging natural and social science (e.g. tragedy of the commons, circular economy, biomimicry) | Interdisciplinary and General Business (n = 18) |
| Examines … Valuation of Ecosystem Services (76.3) | ||
| Readings include Porter and Kramer’s (2011) CSV and Toffel and van Sice’s (2011) “Carbon footprints: Methods and Calculations” (77) | ||
| Suggested readings include Carson’s (1962) Silent Spring, Hawken’s (1993) Ecology of Commerce, Esty and Winston’s (2009) Green to Gold (100.2) | ||
| A key outcome … is to “understand the major tools of industrial ecology – Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), green design, closing the loop” (154.2) | ||
| [students] will [understand] … scientific, economic, social, political and regulatory forces and how these forces [affect] business (55.1) | ||
| “[Course] … seeks to understand what it takes to embed a firm-wide sustainability approach.” Includes popular press readings on climate change … (50.2) | ||
| “A module on finance, measurement and valuation presents students with both … motivation and tools for valuing firms’ impacts on sustainability.” Includes readings on natural capitalism, Friedman (1970), market policy instruments, valuation of ecosystem services (92.2) | ||
| “…students … explore the theory and practice of sustainability …” Readings include CSV, stakeholder theory (88.3) | Teaches general business and social science (e.g. corporate social responsibility) | Social Science and General Business (n = 17) |
| “[Explores] what leading companies are doing in … fair wages, privacy concerns, … environmental considerations, corporate governance …” (201.1) | ||
| Debates “corporate purpose and the goal of maximizing shareholder value, the rise of ESG investing…” (86.3) | ||
| Examines how climate risks affect firms, financial markets, markets for energy and real estate (45.1) | ||
| “Focuses on energy industry only; includes business principles and practices, global warming theories”, etc. (101) | Includes natural science topics (e.g. climate science) within a specialized business area | NS and Narrow Function (n = 2) |
| Focuses on systems thinking; incorporates “stock and flow” diagrams, readings on policy games for strategic thinking (207.14) | ||
| Focuses on sustainable investing; incorporates Meadows (2008) (50.3) | Includes concepts that bridge natural and social sciences within a specialized business area | ID and Narrow Function (n = 5) |
| “[Combines] research from disparate sectors to (e.g. climate change science, investor preferences” to understand ESG investing (86.2) | ||
| Focuses on risk analysis of climate change-related risks (45.2) | ||
| Focuses on ESG investing … and links to CSR (223) | Teaches social science within a specialized business area | SS and Narrow Function (n = 32) |
| Focuses on international business, including ecological responsibilities (43.1) | ||
| Addresses “current challenges in accounting for firms’ ESG goals” (85) | ||
| Focuses on operations management; with environmental issues (87.2) | ||
| Focuses on sustainable marketing with environmental sustainability challenges (157.5) | ||
| Focuses on operations and sustainability (153.1) | ||
| Focuses on leadership and sustainability (207.06) | ||
| Focuses on marketing with social, sustainable enterprises. (199.2) |
| First order – identifying the six-cell typology | Second order | Aggregate |
|---|---|---|
| “[A]ddresses business models and their implications for sustainability … integrated with … climate science for grounding” (47.3) | Natural Science and General Business focus ( | |
| “[S]students will … understand basic earth system science and ecology … and the destabilizing effects of interventions on those systems” (202) | ||
| Topics include circular economy, life cycle assessments and systems thinking. (95.1) | Interdisciplinary and General Business ( | |
| Examines … Valuation of Ecosystem Services (76.3) | ||
| Readings include | ||
| Suggested readings include | ||
| A key outcome … is to “understand the major tools of industrial ecology – Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), green design, closing the loop” (154.2) | ||
| [students] will [understand] … scientific, economic, social, political and regulatory forces and how these forces [affect] business (55.1) | ||
| “[Course] … seeks to understand what it takes to embed a firm-wide sustainability approach.” Includes popular press readings on climate change … (50.2) | ||
| “A module on finance, measurement and valuation presents students with both … motivation and tools for valuing firms’ impacts on sustainability.” Includes readings on natural capitalism, | ||
| “…students … explore the theory and practice of sustainability …” Readings include CSV, stakeholder theory (88.3) | Social Science and General Business ( | |
| “[Explores] what leading companies are doing in … fair wages, privacy concerns, … environmental considerations, corporate governance …” (201.1) | ||
| Debates “corporate purpose and the goal of maximizing shareholder value, the rise of ESG investing…” (86.3) | ||
| Examines how climate risks affect firms, financial markets, markets for energy and real estate (45.1) | ||
| “Focuses on energy industry only; includes business principles and practices, global warming theories”, etc. (101) | NS and Narrow Function ( | |
| Focuses on systems thinking; incorporates “stock and flow” diagrams, readings on policy games for strategic thinking (207.14) | ||
| Focuses on sustainable investing; incorporates | ID and Narrow Function ( | |
| “[Combines] research from disparate sectors to (e.g. climate change science, investor preferences” to understand ESG investing (86.2) | ||
| Focuses on risk analysis of climate change-related risks (45.2) | ||
| Focuses on ESG investing … and links to CSR (223) | SS and Narrow Function ( | |
| Focuses on international business, including ecological responsibilities (43.1) | ||
| Addresses “current challenges in accounting for firms’ ESG goals” (85) | ||
| Focuses on operations management; with environmental issues (87.2) | ||
| Focuses on sustainable marketing with environmental sustainability challenges (157.5) | ||
| Focuses on operations and sustainability (153.1) | ||
| Focuses on leadership and sustainability (207.06) | ||
| Focuses on marketing with social, sustainable enterprises. (199.2) |
Source(s): Table created by authors