Table 1.

Sustainability education challenges

CSpecific factorsReferences
ResourcesC1 Insufficient funding for environmental and sustainability projectsHolgaard et al. (2016); Holm et al. (2015); Marcos-Iga and Shaw (2011) 
C2 Lack of environmental and sustainability expertise to support the academyHolgaard et al. (2016); Holm et al. (2015); Juárez-Nájera et al. (2006) 
C3 Workload model not suitedKenny and Fluck (2014); Liu and Onwuegbuzie (2012) 
C4 Weak technical infrastructureKenny and Fluck (2014); Liu and Onwuegbuzie (2012) 
ProcessesC5 Lack of focus on environmental and sustainability curriculum practicesHolgaard et al. (2016); Holm et al. (2015); Juárez-Nájera et al. (2006) 
C6 Lack of governance for environmental and sustainability policiesHolgaard et al. (2016); Holm et al. (2015); Miquelajauregui et al. (2022) 
C7 Absence of environmental and sustainability programmes to motivate the academyHolgaard et al. (2016); Holm et al. (2015); Miquelajauregui et al. (2022) 
C8 Shortage of environmental and sustainability academic collaborationHolgaard et al. (2016); Holm et al. (2015); Miquelajauregui et al. (2022) 
PeopleC9 Lack of awareness towards environmental and sustainability curriculumHolgaard et al. (2016); Holm et al. (2015); Juárez-Nájera et al. (2006) 
C10 Lack of environmental and sustainability training to curriculum developmentHolgaard et al. (2016); Holm et al. (2015); Miquelajauregui et al. (2022) 
C11 Poor composition of environmental and sustainability cultureHolgaard et al. (2016); Holm et al. (2015); Miquelajauregui et al. (2022) 
C12 Lack of participation in environmental and sustainability issuesHolgaard et al. (2016); Holm et al. (2015); Miquelajauregui et al. (2022) 

Note(s):

“C” denotes challenges

Source(s): Authors’ own creation/work
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