Table 3 Summary of the application of...

Table 3

Summary of the application of the Hermite representation to the experimental data reported by Kindermann et al. (2020)

Experimental setup	Generator	Fronius CMT 4000
	Gas type	Ar 100%
	Gas flow rate [l/min]	15
	Wire diameter (d_w) [mm]	1.2
	Wire material	Low carbon steel
	Means of measure	MeltView MIRA2
Cases reported in Figure 18		a	b	c	d	e	f
Deposition parameters	Multi-bead	–	–	–	–	–	–
	Multi-layer	–	–	–	–	–	–
	Power [W]	4700	4717	4642	2700	3557	4717
	Wire feed rate (WFR) [m/min]	10	10	10	6	8	10
	Travel speed (TS) [mm/s]	3.33	6.67	13.33	6.67	6.67	6.67
	WFR/TS	50	25	12.5	15	20	25
Obtained bead sizes	Width (w) [mm]	13.39	10.35	6.7	5.8	7.79	10.35
	Height (h) [mm]	5.05	3.74	3.02	3.61	3.78	3.74
	h/w	0.38	0.36	0.45	0.62	0.49	0.36
	Deposited area (A_d) [mm²]	56.55	28.26	14.14	16.96	22.61	28.26
	Measured area (A_m) [mm²]	51.23	28.13	15	17.29	22.95	28.23
	A_m – A_d [mm²]	−5.32	−0.13	0.86	0.33	0.34	−0.03
	(A_m – a_d)/a_d	−9.4%	−0.5%	6.1%	2%	1.5%	−0.1%
Parabola model	A_p [mm²]	45.08	25.81	13.49	13.96	19.63	25.81
	e_d	−20.3%	−8.7%	−4.6%	−17.7%	−13.2%	−8.7%
	e_m	−12%	−8.3%	−10.1%	−19.3%	−14.5%	−8.6%
Cosine model	A_p [mm²]	43.05	24.64	12.88	13.33	18.75	24.64
	e_d	−23.9%	−12.8%	−8.9%	−21.4%	−17.1%	−12.8%
	e_m	−16%	−12.4%	−14.1%	−22.9%	−18.3%	−12.7%
Ellipse model	A_p [mm²]	53.08	30.39	15.88	16.44	23.12	30.39
	e_d	−6.1%	7.5%	12.3%	−3.1%	2.2%	7.5%
	e_m	3.6%	8%	5.9%	−4.9%	0.7%	7.6%
Proposed Hermite model	A_h [mm²]	51.27	28.13	14.98	17.32	22.95	28.13
	Contact angle θ₁ [°]	78	69	76	95	85	69
	Contact angle θ₂ [°]	78	69	76	95	85	69
	e_d	−9.3%	−0.5%	5.9%	2.2%	1.5%	−0.5%
	e_m	0.1%	0%	−0.1%	0.2%	0%	−0.4%

Experimental setup	Generator	Fronius CMT 4000
	Gas type	Ar 100%
	Gas flow rate [l/min]	15
	Wire diameter (d_w) [mm]	1.2
	Wire material	Low carbon steel
	Means of measure	MeltView MIRA2
Cases reported in Figure 18		a	b	c	d	e	f
Deposition parameters	Multi-bead	–	–	–	–	–	–
	Multi-layer	–	–	–	–	–	–
	Power [W]	4700	4717	4642	2700	3557	4717
	Wire feed rate (WFR) [m/min]	10	10	10	6	8	10
	Travel speed (TS) [mm/s]	3.33	6.67	13.33	6.67	6.67	6.67
	WFR/TS	50	25	12.5	15	20	25
Obtained bead sizes	Width (w) [mm]	13.39	10.35	6.7	5.8	7.79	10.35
	Height (h) [mm]	5.05	3.74	3.02	3.61	3.78	3.74
	h/w	0.38	0.36	0.45	0.62	0.49	0.36
	Deposited area (A_d) [mm²]	56.55	28.26	14.14	16.96	22.61	28.26
	Measured area (A_m) [mm²]	51.23	28.13	15	17.29	22.95	28.23
	A_m – A_d [mm²]	−5.32	−0.13	0.86	0.33	0.34	−0.03
	(A_m – a_d)/a_d	−9.4%	−0.5%	6.1%	2%	1.5%	−0.1%
Parabola model	A_p [mm²]	45.08	25.81	13.49	13.96	19.63	25.81
	e_d	−20.3%	−8.7%	−4.6%	−17.7%	−13.2%	−8.7%
	e_m	−12%	−8.3%	−10.1%	−19.3%	−14.5%	−8.6%
Cosine model	A_p [mm²]	43.05	24.64	12.88	13.33	18.75	24.64
	e_d	−23.9%	−12.8%	−8.9%	−21.4%	−17.1%	−12.8%
	e_m	−16%	−12.4%	−14.1%	−22.9%	−18.3%	−12.7%
Ellipse model	A_p [mm²]	53.08	30.39	15.88	16.44	23.12	30.39
	e_d	−6.1%	7.5%	12.3%	−3.1%	2.2%	7.5%
	e_m	3.6%	8%	5.9%	−4.9%	0.7%	7.6%
Proposed Hermite model	A_h [mm²]	51.27	28.13	14.98	17.32	22.95	28.13
	Contact angle θ₁ [°]	78	69	76	95	85	69
	Contact angle θ₂ [°]	78	69	76	95	85	69
	e_d	−9.3%	−0.5%	5.9%	2.2%	1.5%	−0.5%
	e_m	0.1%	0%	−0.1%	0.2%	0%	−0.4%

Source(s): Table by authors

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