Table 7 Summary of the experiments from... | Emerald Publishing

Table 7

Summary of the experiments from Ding et al. (2015): multi-bead and multi-layer cases

Experimental setup	Gas type	Ar 82%, CO2 18%
	Gas flow rate [l/min]	22
	Wire diameter (d_w) [mm]	1.2
	Material	Copper coated steel
	Means of measure	3D laser profiler (0.002 resolution)
Cases reported in Figure 24		a	b	c
Cases reported in Figure 25					a	b
Deposition parameters	Multi-bead	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
	Multi-layer	–	–	–	✓	✓
	Wire feed rate (WFR) [m/min]	5	5	5	5	5
	Travel speed (TS) [mm/s]	6.67	6.67	6.67	8.33	8.33
	WFR/TS	12.5	12.5	12.5	10	10
Obtained bead sizes	Width (w) [mm]	9.55	8.68	9.44	7.62	8.00
	Height (h) [mm]	2.46	2.48	2.37	2.21	2.36
	h/w	0.26	0.29	0.25	0.29	0.30
	Deposited area (A_d) [mm²]	14.13	14.13	14.13	11.31	11.31
	Measured area (A_m) [mm²]	14.50	14.59	14.71	11.38	11.06
	A_m – A_d [mm²]	2.62	3.25	4.10	0.58	−2.25
	(A_m – a_d)/a_d	18.5%	23%	29%	5.1%	−19.9%
Parabola model	A_p [mm²]	15.66	14.35	14.92	11.23	12.59
	e_d	10.8%	1.6%	5.6%	−0.8%	11.3%
	e_m	8%	−1.6%	1.4%	−1.4%	13.8%
Cosine model	A_p [mm²]	14.96	13.70	14.24	10.72	12.02
	e_d	5.9%	−3%	0.8%	−5.3%	6.2%
	e_m	3.2%	−6.1%	−3.2%	−5.8%	8.7%
Ellipse model	A_p [mm²]	18.44	16.90	17.56	13.22	14.82
	e_d	30.5%	19.6%	24.3%	16.8%	31%
	e_m	27.2%	15.8%	19.4%	16.2%	34%
Proposed Hermite model	A_h [mm²]	14.51	14.59	14.71	11.37	11.06
	Contact angle θ₁ [°]	39	50	40	40	40
	Contact angle θ₂ [°]	39	50	40	40	40
	e_d	2.7%	3.3%	4.1%	0.5%	−2.3%
	e_m	0.1%	0%	0%	−0.1%	0%

Experimental setup	Gas type	Ar 82%, CO2 18%
	Gas flow rate [l/min]	22
	Wire diameter (d_w) [mm]	1.2
	Material	Copper coated steel
	Means of measure	3D laser profiler (0.002 resolution)
Cases reported in Figure 24		a	b	c
Cases reported in Figure 25					a	b
Deposition parameters	Multi-bead	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
	Multi-layer	–	–	–	✓	✓
	Wire feed rate (WFR) [m/min]	5	5	5	5	5
	Travel speed (TS) [mm/s]	6.67	6.67	6.67	8.33	8.33
	WFR/TS	12.5	12.5	12.5	10	10
Obtained bead sizes	Width (w) [mm]	9.55	8.68	9.44	7.62	8.00
	Height (h) [mm]	2.46	2.48	2.37	2.21	2.36
	h/w	0.26	0.29	0.25	0.29	0.30
	Deposited area (A_d) [mm²]	14.13	14.13	14.13	11.31	11.31
	Measured area (A_m) [mm²]	14.50	14.59	14.71	11.38	11.06
	A_m – A_d [mm²]	2.62	3.25	4.10	0.58	−2.25
	(A_m – a_d)/a_d	18.5%	23%	29%	5.1%	−19.9%
Parabola model	A_p [mm²]	15.66	14.35	14.92	11.23	12.59
	e_d	10.8%	1.6%	5.6%	−0.8%	11.3%
	e_m	8%	−1.6%	1.4%	−1.4%	13.8%
Cosine model	A_p [mm²]	14.96	13.70	14.24	10.72	12.02
	e_d	5.9%	−3%	0.8%	−5.3%	6.2%
	e_m	3.2%	−6.1%	−3.2%	−5.8%	8.7%
Ellipse model	A_p [mm²]	18.44	16.90	17.56	13.22	14.82
	e_d	30.5%	19.6%	24.3%	16.8%	31%
	e_m	27.2%	15.8%	19.4%	16.2%	34%
Proposed Hermite model	A_h [mm²]	14.51	14.59	14.71	11.37	11.06
	Contact angle θ₁ [°]	39	50	40	40	40
	Contact angle θ₂ [°]	39	50	40	40	40
	e_d	2.7%	3.3%	4.1%	0.5%	−2.3%
	e_m	0.1%	0%	0%	−0.1%	0%

Source(s): Table by authors