Table 1. The definitions of variables... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1.

The definitions of variables

Variable	Symbol	Definition
SO₂ emissions	SO₂	SO₂ emissions from corporate (kilogram, logarithm)
Whether industries involved in the procurement list	GPP	Equals 1 if the industry belongs to GPP industries in this year; otherwise equals 0
Capital level of the enterprise	Capital	The total assets of the enterprise by the number of employees (10⁴ yuan/ person, logarithm)
The size of the enterprise	Size	The total number of employees (logarithm)
The age of the enterprise	Age	Subtracting the year of establishment of the enterprise from the year of sample reporting (logarithm)
The equity properties of the enterprise	SOE	Equals 1 if the corporate belongs to state-owned enterprises; otherwise equals 0
The equity properties of the enterprise	Foreign	Equals 1 if the corporate belongs to foreign-owned enterprises; otherwise equals 0
The degree of firm monopoly	Output	The market share of the enterprise in its industry (%)
Market concentration	HHI	As measured by the Herfindal index
Economic development	GDP	The ratio of GDP of cities to total population at the end of year (yuan/ person, logarithm)
Degree of openness	FDI	Foreign direct investment (yuan, logarithm)

Variable	Symbol	Definition
SO₂ emissions	SO₂	SO₂ emissions from corporate (kilogram, logarithm)
Whether industries involved in the procurement list	GPP	Equals 1 if the industry belongs to GPP industries in this year; otherwise equals 0
Capital level of the enterprise	Capital	The total assets of the enterprise by the number of employees (10⁴ yuan/ person, logarithm)
The size of the enterprise	Size	The total number of employees (logarithm)
The age of the enterprise	Age	Subtracting the year of establishment of the enterprise from the year of sample reporting (logarithm)
The equity properties of the enterprise	SOE	Equals 1 if the corporate belongs to state-owned enterprises; otherwise equals 0
The equity properties of the enterprise	Foreign	Equals 1 if the corporate belongs to foreign-owned enterprises; otherwise equals 0
The degree of firm monopoly	Output	The market share of the enterprise in its industry (%)
Market concentration	HHI	As measured by the Herfindal index
Economic development	GDP	The ratio of GDP of cities to total population at the end of year (yuan/ person, logarithm)
Degree of openness	FDI	Foreign direct investment (yuan, logarithm)

Source: Authors’ own work