| (1) | Digital pedagogy | Hurtado et al. (2014), Kolaric et al. (2017), Maghiar et al. (2015), Abbas et al. (2016), Redden et al. (2017), Xu et al. (2018), Ali (2019), Shanbari and Issa (2019), Sepasgozar (2020), Leong (2021), Ghanem (2022), Gomis et al. (2023), Hall et al. (2022), Samarasinghe and Piri (2022), Wang et al. (2022), West et al. (2022), Abbasnejad et al. (2023), Cribbs and Naganathan (2023), Dan et al. (2023), Gomis et al. (2023), Ebekozien et al. (2024), Posillico and Edwards (2024), Sohuma et al. (2024) and Yang et al. (2024) | 24/52 | 46 |
| (2) | Student-centred pedagogy | Scott and Fortune (2013), Valdes-Vasquez and Clevenger (2015), Lam et al. (2016), Lee et al. (2016), Oo and Lim (2016), Rokooei et al. (2017), Ali (2019), Subramanian and Najafi (2019), Torres et al. (2019), Love et al. (2020), Sepasgozar (2020), Zhang and Feng (2020), Farrow and Wetzel (2021), Castronovo et al. (2022), Manoharan et al. (2022), Sparkling and Sengupta (2023), Torres (2023) and Wang et al. (2024) | 18/52 | 35 |
| (3) | Partnership pedagogy | Wedawatta (2018), Ali (2019), Hsu et al. (2019), Karji et al. (2020), Zhang and Feng (2020), Al-Atroush and Ibrahim (2022) and O’Neill et al. (2024) | 7/52 | 13 |
| (4) | Problem-based learning (PBL) | Ahmed et al. (2014), El-Adaway et al. (2015), Salmisto and Nokelainen (2015), Lee et al. (2016) Zhang and Xie (2019) and Ikediashi et al. (2024) | 6/52 | 12 |
| (5) | Flipped classroom pedagogy | Sunindijo (2016), Subramanian and Najafi (2019), Mojtahedi et al. (2020), West et al. (2022) and Cribbs and Naganathan (2023) | 5/52 | 10 |