Table 2 Variables in objective functions...

Table 2

Variables in objective functions

Variable	Description	Equation
$C_{i, k}$	Completion time of the process $k$ of job $i$	Eq (1) - Eq (5)
$D_{i}$	Due date of job $i$	Eq (2)
$α$	Penalty factor for earliness (negative value, representing storage cost)	Eq (2) and Eq (16)
$β$	Penalty factor for tardiness (negative value, representing late delivery cost)	Eq (2) and Eq (16)

Variable	Description	Equation
$C_{i, k}$	Completion time of the process $k$ of job $i$	Eq (1) - Eq (5)
$D_{i}$	Due date of job $i$	Eq (2)
$α$	Penalty factor for earliness (negative value, representing storage cost)	Eq (2) and Eq (16)
$β$	Penalty factor for tardiness (negative value, representing late delivery cost)	Eq (2) and Eq (16)

Note(s): The penalty factors are derived from field research data collected during visits to PC manufacturing facilities. For different real-world facilities can adopt their own specific values based on individual operational requirements

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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