Results of the measurement model
| Constructs | Items | Convergent validity | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factor loading | Cronbach’s alpha | CRa | AVEb | ||
| Agility | AGL1 | 0.801 | 0.870 | 0.884 | 0.664 |
| AGL2 | 0.860 | – | – | – | |
| AGL3 | 0.846 | – | – | – | |
| AGL4 | 0.881 | – | – | – | |
| AGL5 | 0.860 | – | – | – | |
| Flexibility | FLX1 | 0.780 | 0.862 | 0.863 | 0.646 |
| FLX2 | 0.719 | – | – | – | |
| FLX3 | 0.812 | – | – | – | |
| FLX4 | 0.853 | – | – | – | |
| FLX5 | 0.848 | – | – | – | |
| Visibility | VIS1 | 0.869 | 0.925 | 0.933 | 0.689 |
| VIS2 | 0.817 | – | – | – | |
| VIS3 | 0.791 | – | – | – | |
| VIS4 | 0.885 | – | – | – | |
| VIS5 | 0.800 | – | – | – | |
| VIS6 | 0.837 | – | – | – | |
| VIS7 | 0.804 | – | – | – | |
| Asset specificity | ASP1 | 0.785 | 0.926 | 0.942 | 0.623 |
| ASP2 | 0.764 | – | – | – | |
| ASP3 | 0.788 | – | – | – | |
| ASP4 | 0.777 | – | – | – | |
| ASP5 | 0.780 | – | – | – | |
| ASP6 | 0.773 | – | – | – | |
| ASP7 | 0.713 | – | – | – | |
| ASP8 | 0.852 | – | – | – | |
| ASP9 | 0.860 | – | – | – | |
| Uncertainty | UNC1 | 0.670 | 0.845 | 0.846 | 0.506 |
| UNC2 | 0.743 | – | – | – | |
| UNC3 | 0.634 | – | – | – | |
| UNC4 | 0.788 | – | – | – | |
| UNC5 | 0.806 | – | – | – | |
| UNC6 | 0.578 | – | – | – | |
| UNC7 | 0.733 | – | – | – | |
| Transaction frequency | TRF1 | 0.791 | 0.881 | 0.910 | 0.676 |
| TRF2 | 0.901 | – | – | – | |
| TRF3 | 0.748 | – | – | – | |
| TRF4 | 0.816 | – | – | – | |
| TRF5 | 0.845 | – | – | – | |
| Bounded rationality | BOR1 | 0.569 | 0.892 | 0.924 | 0.510 |
| BOR2 | 0.665 | – | – | – | |
| BOR3 | 0.761 | – | – | – | |
| BOR4 | 0.727 | – | – | – | |
| BOR5 | 0.716 | – | – | – | |
| BOR6 | 0.621 | – | – | – | |
| BOR7 | 0.695 | – | – | – | |
| BOR8 | 0.765 | – | – | – | |
| BOR9 | 0.732 | – | – | – | |
| BOR10 | 0.732 | – | – | – | |
| BOR11 | 0.702 | – | – | – | |
| BOR12 | 0.603 | – | – | – | |
| BOR13 | 0.669 | – | – | – | |
| Opportunism | OPP1 | 0.565 | 0.900 | 0.923 | 0.591 |
| OPP2 | 0.805 | – | – | – | |
| OPP3 | 0.837 | – | – | – | |
| OPP4 | 0.803 | – | – | – | |
| OPP5 | 0.786 | – | – | – | |
| OPP6 | 0.800 | – | – | – | |
| OPP7 | 0.778 | – | – | – | |
| OPP8 | 0.745 | – | – | – | |
| Governance | GOV1 | 0.816 | 0.718 | 0.752 | 0.580 |
| GOV2 | 0.661 | – | – | – | |
| GOV3 | 0.522 | – | – | – | |
| GOV4 | 0.787 | – | – | – | |
| GOV5 | 0.728 | – | – | – | |
| Constructs | Items | Convergent validity | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factor loading | Cronbach’s alpha | CRa | AVEb | ||
| Agility | AGL1 | 0.801 | 0.870 | 0.884 | 0.664 |
| AGL2 | 0.860 | – | – | – | |
| AGL3 | 0.846 | – | – | – | |
| AGL4 | 0.881 | – | – | – | |
| AGL5 | 0.860 | – | – | – | |
| Flexibility | FLX1 | 0.780 | 0.862 | 0.863 | 0.646 |
| FLX2 | 0.719 | – | – | – | |
| FLX3 | 0.812 | – | – | – | |
| FLX4 | 0.853 | – | – | – | |
| FLX5 | 0.848 | – | – | – | |
| Visibility | VIS1 | 0.869 | 0.925 | 0.933 | 0.689 |
| VIS2 | 0.817 | – | – | – | |
| VIS3 | 0.791 | – | – | – | |
| VIS4 | 0.885 | – | – | – | |
| VIS5 | 0.800 | – | – | – | |
| VIS6 | 0.837 | – | – | – | |
| VIS7 | 0.804 | – | – | – | |
| Asset specificity | ASP1 | 0.785 | 0.926 | 0.942 | 0.623 |
| ASP2 | 0.764 | – | – | – | |
| ASP3 | 0.788 | – | – | – | |
| ASP4 | 0.777 | – | – | – | |
| ASP5 | 0.780 | – | – | – | |
| ASP6 | 0.773 | – | – | – | |
| ASP7 | 0.713 | – | – | – | |
| ASP8 | 0.852 | – | – | – | |
| ASP9 | 0.860 | – | – | – | |
| Uncertainty | UNC1 | 0.670 | 0.845 | 0.846 | 0.506 |
| UNC2 | 0.743 | – | – | – | |
| UNC3 | 0.634 | – | – | – | |
| UNC4 | 0.788 | – | – | – | |
| UNC5 | 0.806 | – | – | – | |
| UNC6 | 0.578 | – | – | – | |
| UNC7 | 0.733 | – | – | – | |
| Transaction frequency | TRF1 | 0.791 | 0.881 | 0.910 | 0.676 |
| TRF2 | 0.901 | – | – | – | |
| TRF3 | 0.748 | – | – | – | |
| TRF4 | 0.816 | – | – | – | |
| TRF5 | 0.845 | – | – | – | |
| Bounded rationality | BOR1 | 0.569 | 0.892 | 0.924 | 0.510 |
| BOR2 | 0.665 | – | – | – | |
| BOR3 | 0.761 | – | – | – | |
| BOR4 | 0.727 | – | – | – | |
| BOR5 | 0.716 | – | – | – | |
| BOR6 | 0.621 | – | – | – | |
| BOR7 | 0.695 | – | – | – | |
| BOR8 | 0.765 | – | – | – | |
| BOR9 | 0.732 | – | – | – | |
| BOR10 | 0.732 | – | – | – | |
| BOR11 | 0.702 | – | – | – | |
| BOR12 | 0.603 | – | – | – | |
| BOR13 | 0.669 | – | – | – | |
| Opportunism | OPP1 | 0.565 | 0.900 | 0.923 | 0.591 |
| OPP2 | 0.805 | – | – | – | |
| OPP3 | 0.837 | – | – | – | |
| OPP4 | 0.803 | – | – | – | |
| OPP5 | 0.786 | – | – | – | |
| OPP6 | 0.800 | – | – | – | |
| OPP7 | 0.778 | – | – | – | |
| OPP8 | 0.745 | – | – | – | |
| Governance | GOV1 | 0.816 | 0.718 | 0.752 | 0.580 |
| GOV2 | 0.661 | – | – | – | |
| GOV3 | 0.522 | – | – | – | |
| GOV4 | 0.787 | – | – | – | |
| GOV5 | 0.728 | – | – | – | |
Note(s): a Composite reliability (CR) = (square of the summation of the factor loadings)/[(square of the summation of the factor loadings) + (square of the summation of the error variances)]
b Average variance extracted (AVE) = (summation of the square of the factor loadings)/[(summation of the square of the factor loadings) + (summation of the error variances)]
Source(s): Authors’ own work