Table 3 Differences in most developed...

Table 3

Differences in most developed leadership competencies between cohorts

	Cohort 1²	Cohort 2²	Cohort 3²	Cohort 4¹^,²	Cohort 5²	F-value	p-value	Eta (η)
Fall term
Awareness of self	0.807	0.733	0.667	–	0.778	3.02	0.033	0.276
Enhancing communication	0.706	0.679	0.539	–	0.650	2.22	0.090	0.239
Understanding leadership	0.656	0.642	0.504	–	0.617	2.00	0.118	0.227
Winter term
Awareness of self	0.566	0.570	0.655	0.702	0.676	2.43	0.051	0.267
Enhancing communication	0.520^{a, b}	0.617^a	0.417^b	0.649^a	0.690^a	6.89	0.000	0.422
Understanding leadership	0.535	0.604	0.485	0.579	0.608	0.94	0.445	0.169
Spring term
Awareness of self	0.654^a, b, c	0.641^a	0.709^{a, c}	0.865^b	0.819^{b, c}	5.91	0.000	0.411
Enhancing communication	0.614	0.627	0.640	0.835	0.771	3.88	0.005	0.343
Understanding leadership	0.634	0.617	0.509	0.740	0.698	2.73	0.032	0.294

	Cohort 1²	Cohort 2²	Cohort 3²	Cohort 4¹^,²	Cohort 5²	F-value	p-value	Eta (η)
Fall term
Awareness of self	0.807	0.733	0.667	–	0.778	3.02	0.033	0.276
Enhancing communication	0.706	0.679	0.539	–	0.650	2.22	0.090	0.239
Understanding leadership	0.656	0.642	0.504	–	0.617	2.00	0.118	0.227
Winter term
Awareness of self	0.566	0.570	0.655	0.702	0.676	2.43	0.051	0.267
Enhancing communication	0.520^{a, b}	0.617^a	0.417^b	0.649^a	0.690^a	6.89	0.000	0.422
Understanding leadership	0.535	0.604	0.485	0.579	0.608	0.94	0.445	0.169
Spring term
Awareness of self	0.654^a, b, c	0.641^a	0.709^{a, c}	0.865^b	0.819^{b, c}	5.91	0.000	0.411
Enhancing communication	0.614	0.627	0.640	0.835	0.771	3.88	0.005	0.343
Understanding leadership	0.634	0.617	0.509	0.740	0.698	2.73	0.032	0.294

Note(s): *Statistical significance was set at 0.05

No data exists for Fall Term Cohort 4 due to miscommunication errors between program directors

Mean summative score indicates how many times, on average, students marked that they felt an activity developed the leadership area. Means have been adjusted to unit averages for comparison.

a, b, c

Meanswith different letter superscripts in each row are significant at p < 0.05 based on Tamahane’s T2 post-hoc tests for unequal variances and Scheffe’s post-hoc tests for equal variances.

Source(s): The authors

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