Table 4 Differences in least developed...

Table 4

Differences in least developed leadership competencies between cohorts

	Cohort 1²	Cohort 2²	Cohort 3²	Cohort 4¹^,²	Cohort 5²	F-value	p-value	Eta (η)
Fall term
Commitment to serving	0.227	0.200	0.131	–	0.219	1.62	0.189	0.206
Practicing citizenship	0.193	0.342	0.234	–	0.341	2.49	0.064	0.252
Developing teams	0.336^{a, b}	0.296^{a, b}	0.242^a	–	0.389^b	2.94	0.036	0.272
Winter term
Developing teams	0.318	0.452	0.288	0.268	0.364	2.64	0.037	0.277
Ethical behavior	0.318	0.309	0.288	0.302	0.438	2.17	0.076	0.253
Commitment to serving	0.328	0.335	0.307	0.348	0.364	0.312	0.870	0.099
Spring term
Commitment to serving	0.451^a	0.340^{a, b}	0.251^b	0.485^a	0.483^a	5.03	0.001	0.384
Developing teams	0.327^a	0.379^a	0.320^a	0.580^b	0.473^{a, b}	5.99	0.000	0.414
Practicing citizenship	0.458^{a, b}	0.368^{a, b}	0.240^a	0.540^b	0.549^b	6.95	0.000	0.440

	Cohort 1²	Cohort 2²	Cohort 3²	Cohort 4¹^,²	Cohort 5²	F-value	p-value	Eta (η)
Fall term
Commitment to serving	0.227	0.200	0.131	–	0.219	1.62	0.189	0.206
Practicing citizenship	0.193	0.342	0.234	–	0.341	2.49	0.064	0.252
Developing teams	0.336^{a, b}	0.296^{a, b}	0.242^a	–	0.389^b	2.94	0.036	0.272
Winter term
Developing teams	0.318	0.452	0.288	0.268	0.364	2.64	0.037	0.277
Ethical behavior	0.318	0.309	0.288	0.302	0.438	2.17	0.076	0.253
Commitment to serving	0.328	0.335	0.307	0.348	0.364	0.312	0.870	0.099
Spring term
Commitment to serving	0.451^a	0.340^{a, b}	0.251^b	0.485^a	0.483^a	5.03	0.001	0.384
Developing teams	0.327^a	0.379^a	0.320^a	0.580^b	0.473^{a, b}	5.99	0.000	0.414
Practicing citizenship	0.458^{a, b}	0.368^{a, b}	0.240^a	0.540^b	0.549^b	6.95	0.000	0.440

Note(s): *Statistical significance was set at 0.05

No data exists for Fall Term Cohort 4

Mean summative score indicates how many times, on average, students marked that they felt an activity developed the leadership area. Means have been adjusted to unit averages for comparison.

a, b, c

Meanswith different letter superscripts in each row are significant at p < 0.05 based on Tamahane’s T2 post-hoc tests for unequalvariances and Scheffe’s post-hoc tests for equal variances.

Source(s): The authors

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