Table 1

Mapping Instructional Strategies to Pedagogical Models and Learning Technologies

Instructional StrategySupporting Pedagogical ModelAssociated Learning Technologies
Promoting authentic learning activitiesProblem-based learning (PBL), anchored instruction, cognitive apprenticeshipsGraphics, digital audio & video, Web-based animation, Web-based authoring tools, hyperlinks
Promoting problem solvingProblem-based learning, anchored instructionHyperlinks, asynchronous & synchronous discussion forums, document sharing technologies, groupware, online databases, knowledge repositories
Promoting explorationSimulations, microworlds, anchored instruction, CFHHyperlinks, search engines, online databases, scripting languages, web-based authoring tools, selfcontained instructional modules
Promoting hypotheses generationSimulations, microworlds, PBL, anchored instructionPlugins, Web-based authoring tools, Web-based animation, digital audio and video, dynamic Web pages (database driven websites)
Promoting role playing activitiesCognitive apprenticeships, CoP, simulations, PBLMOOs, MUDs, Internet chat, video conferencing, groupware
Promoting articulationCognitive apprenticeships, PBL, CoPBulletin boards, discussion forums, virtual chat sessions, document sharing technologies, groupware, email, Web posting areas
Promoting reflectionCognitive apprenticeships, anchored instruction, PBLWeb posting areas, bulletin boards, discussion forums, email, note-taking tools
Promoting collaboration and social negotiationPBL, anchored instruction, CoPAsynchronous and synchronous discussion forums, bulletin boards, groupware, document sharing technologies, video conferencing technologies, chat, shared databases
Promoting multiple perspectivesCognitive flexibility hypertexts, CoPHyperlinks, graphics, digital video & audio, listserves, asynchronous discussion forums, search engines
Promoting modeling and explainingCognitive apprenticeships, simulations, CoPAsynchronous & synchronous discussion forums, graphics, animation, video conferencing, digital audio & video, Web posting areas, email
Promoting coachingMicroworlds, simulations, cognitive apprenticeships, anchored instruction, problem-based learningEmail, hyperlinks, asynchronous & synchronous discussion areas, self-contained instructional modules, Web-based authoring tools
Promoting scaffoldingCognitive apprenticeships, microworlds, CoPHyperlinks, email, search engines, asynchronous & synchronous discussion areas, online databases

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