Table 2 Protectionism policy and impact... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

Protectionism policy and impact on the economy

	Impact on welfare	Impact on household consumption (import)	Impact on regional trade (import)	Impact on regional trade (export)
East Asia and the Pacific	−2	−22	−17.6	−12
Latin America and the Caribbean	−1.1	−35	−35.2	−26.4
Middle East and North Africa	−1	−16	−13.9	−13.7
Sub-Saharan Africa	−0.7	−27	−19.1	−21.9
Europe and Central Asia	−0.1	−11	−9.3	−12.8
European Union	−0.4	−2	−2.4	−11.9
Other Advanced Economies	−0.5	−10	−5.6	−8.3
United States	−0.4	−5	−4.4	−7.9
South Asia	−4.2	−47	−32.6	−15.9
China	−0.8	−6	−3.5	−3.9

	Impact on welfare	Impact on household consumption (import)	Impact on regional trade (import)	Impact on regional trade (export)
East Asia and the Pacific	−2	−22	−17.6	−12
Latin America and the Caribbean	−1.1	−35	−35.2	−26.4
Middle East and North Africa	−1	−16	−13.9	−13.7
Sub-Saharan Africa	−0.7	−27	−19.1	−21.9
Europe and Central Asia	−0.1	−11	−9.3	−12.8
European Union	−0.4	−2	−2.4	−11.9
Other Advanced Economies	−0.5	−10	−5.6	−8.3
United States	−0.4	−5	−4.4	−7.9
South Asia	−4.2	−47	−32.6	−15.9
China	−0.8	−6	−3.5	−3.9

Source(s): Authors' Stimulation based on the review of multiple reports (IMF 2023; Key statistics and trends, UN-2023)