Mean perceived importance of student affairs leadership educator professional competencies
| Dimension | Competency | n | Import. (I) | Know. (K) | Perform. (P) | Teach. (T) | Gap I-K | Gap I-P | Gap I-T |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||||||
| Program Development | 1. Build programs to meet desired outcomes | 109 | 4.58 (0.658) | 4.21 (0.777) | 4.31 (0.793) | 3.80 (0.989) | 0.37 | 0.27 | 0.78 |
| 2. Carry out plan beyond single event or program | 109 | 4.50 (0.779) | 4.22 (0.772) | 4.33 (0.810) | 3.84 (1.06) | 0.28 | 0.17 | 0.66 | |
| 3. Program Development | 109 | 4.43 (0.727) | 4.25 (0.741) | 4.39 (0.683) | 3.84 (1.01) | 0.22 | 0.08 | 0.41 | |
| 4. Integrate leadership theories | 78 | 3.96 (0.904) | 3.71 (0.958) | 3.60 (1.11) | 3.27 (1.16) | 0.25 | 0.36 | 0.69 | |
| 5. Conduct empirical research about college students | 76 | 3.61 (1.10) | 3.51 (1.06) | 3.30 (1.23) | 2.82 (1.30) | 0.10 | 0.31 | 0.79 | |
| Inclusion and Belonging | 6. Sensitive to needs of diverse individuals or populations | 90 | 4.79 (0.532) | 4.24 (0.989) | 4.32 (0.961) | 3.96 (1.12) | 0.55 | 0.47 | 0.83 |
| 7. Advocate for DEI | 90 | 4.77 (0.565) | 4.26 (0.857) | 4.38 (0.909) | 3.93 (1.13) | 0.51 | 0.39 | 0.84 | |
| 8. Sensitive to experiences of diverse individuals or populations | 90 | 4.76 (0.589) | 4.24 (0.892) | 4.30 (0.907) | 3.90 (1.07) | 0.52 | 0.46 | 0.86 | |
| 9. Acceptance of all social identities | 90 | 4.71 (0.568) | 4.24 (0.879) | 4.37 (0.895) | 3.93 (1.13) | 0.47 | 0.34 | 0.78 | |
| 10. Awareness of how social identities influence college experience | 90 | 4.68 (0.670) | 4.28 (0.876) | 4.27 (0.936) | 3.91 (1.21) | 0.40 | 0.41 | 0.77 | |
| 11. Create and sustain positive environment | 81 | 4.51 (0.616) | 4.07 (0.862) | 4.24 (0.871) | 3.83 (0.925) | 0.44 | 0.41 | 0.77 | |
| 12. Build community | 81 | 4.48 (0.656) | 4.21 (0.802) | 4.28 (0.812) | 3.90 (1.03) | 0.27 | 0.20 | 0.58 | |
| Professional Behaviors | 13. Respect for all students | 90 | 4.74 (0.613) | 4.42 (0.850) | 4.53 (0.813) | 4.21 (1.06) | 0.32 | 0.21 | 0.53 |
| 14. Learn from mistakes | 68 | 4.72 (0.542) | 4.22 (0.885) | 4.36 (0.916) | 3.76 (1.22) | 0.50 | 0.36 | 0.96 | |
| 15. Demonstrate trustworthiness | 69 | 4.71 (0.571) | 4.19 (0.935) | 4.34 (1.07) | 3.68 (1.18) | 0.52 | 0.37 | 1.03 | |
| 16. Modify behavior based on feedback | 69 | 4.71 (0.621) | 4.29 (0.774) | 4.28 (0.928) | 3.72 (1.20) | 0.42 | 0.43 | 0.99 | |
| 17. Demonstrate problem-solving skills | 69 | 4.70 (0.523) | 4.22 (0.918) | 4.31 (0.918) | 3.76 (1.11) | 0.48 | 0.39 | 0.94 | |
| 18. Demonstrate multicultural competence | 90 | 4.68 (0.647) | 4.31 (0.826) | 4.32 (0.923) | 3.96 (1.13) | 0.37 | 0.36 | 0.72 | |
| 19. Demonstrate critical-thinking skills | 69 | 4.67 (0.657) | 4.22 (0.975) | 4.29 (1.04) | 3.68 (1.29) | 0.45 | 0.38 | 0.99 | |
| 20. Accept feedbacka | 69 | 4.65 (0.764) | 4.25 (0.870) | 4.25 (0.936) | 3.77 (1.18) | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.88 | |
| 21. Adaptable | 69 | 4.64 (0.542) | 4.22 (0.750) | 4.38 (0.829) | 3.59 (1.09) | 0.42 | 0.26 | 1.05 | |
| 22. Demonstrate ethical decision-making | 69 | 4.62 (0.688) | 4.15 (0.981) | 4.41 (0.833) | 3.83 (1.19) | 0.47 | 0.21 | 0.79 | |
| 23. Willingness to learn | 66 | 4.61 (0.654) | 4.15 (0.923) | 4.18 (0.950) | 3.62 (1.14) | 0.46 | 0.43 | 0.99 | |
| 24. Demonstrate emotional intelligence | 69 | 4.54 (0.759) | 4.13 (0.879) | 4.25 (0.920) | 3.57 (1.19) | 0.41 | 0.29 | 0.97 | |
| 25. Demonstrate professionalism | 69 | 4.48 (0.885) | 4.06 (0.879) | 4.26 (0.908) | 3.83 (1.08) | 0.42 | 0.22 | 0.65 | |
| 26. Build professional relationships | 81 | 4.38 (0.753) | 4.01 (0.900) | 4.06 (0.919) | 3.63 (1.02) | 0.37 | 0.32 | 0.75 | |
| 27. Forsee possible outcomes of decisions | 69 | 4.32 (0.831) | 4.10 (0.933) | 4.12 (1.00) | 3.51 (1.24) | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.81 | |
| 28. Authentic | 66 | 4.32 (0.768) | 3.89 (0.938) | 4.02 (0.927) | 3.28 (1.19) | 0.43 | 0.30 | 1.04 | |
| 29. Being a continuous learner | 65 | 4.32 (0.970) | 4.02 (0.927) | 4.05 (0.975) | 3.52 (1.18) | 0.30 | 0.27 | 0.80 | |
| 30. Take time for self-reflection | 66 | 4.20 (0.980) | 3.94 (0.917) | 3.78 (1.04) | 3.52 (1.16) | 0.26 | 0.42 | 0.68 | |
| 31. Willing to mentor others | 66 | 4.11 (0.914) | 3.83 (0.961) | 3.80 (1.18) | 3.26 (1.68) | 0.28 | 0.31 | 0.85 | |
| 32. Willing to be mentored | 66 | 4.00 (0.992) | 3.69 (0.951) | 3.68 (0.970) | 3.20 (1.15) | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.80 | |
| Working on a Team | 33. Communicate across differences | 65 | 4.72 (0.573) | 4.20 (0.876) | 4.19 (0.965) | 3.55 (1.15) | 0.52 | 0.53 | 1.17 |
| 34. Work with diverse individuals | 81 | 4.70 (0.624) | 4.33 (0.809) | 4.37 (0.913) | 4.02 (1.07) | 0.37 | 0.33 | 0.68 | |
| 35. Work on a team | 81 | 4.58 (0.710) | 4.31 (0.877) | 4.41 (0.855) | 3.98 (1.01) | 0.27 | 0.17 | 0.60 | |
| 36. Theory of team formation | 81 | 3.67 (1.10) | 3.54 (1.12) | 3.66 (1.08) | 3.30 (1.17) | 0.13 | 0.01 | 0.37 | |
| Education and Student Success | 37. Empower students | 63 | 4.54 (0.618) | 4.10 (0.918) | 4.11 (0.969) | 3.62 (1.22) | 0.44 | 0.43 | 0.92 |
| 38. Challenge students appropriately | 63 | 4.44 (0.716) | 4.03 (0.774) | 4.11 (0.943) | 3.51 (1.12) | 0.41 | 0.33 | 0.93 | |
| 39. Use group facilitation techniques | 73 | 4.37 (0.773) | 4.11 (0.849) | 4.11 (0.906) | 3.70 (1.13) | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.67 | |
| 40. Develop leadership capacity in diverse students | 78 | 4.32 (0.974) | 3.97 (1.05) | 3.95 (1.16) | 3.56 (1.16) | 0.35 | 0.37 | 0.76 | |
| 41. Persistence in advising for student successa | 63 | 4.25 (0.761) | 3.82 (0.878) | 3.90 (0.912) | 3.58 (1.18) | 0.43 | 0.35 | 0.67 | |
| 42. Challenge colleagues appropriately | 63 | 4.24 (0.798) | 3.95 (0.838) | 3.94 (1.04) | 3.37 (1.19) | 0.29 | 0.30 | 0.87 | |
| 43. Teach others | 73 | 4.22 (0.768) | 3.93 (0.877) | 4.00 (1.01) | 3.49 (1.18) | 0.29 | 0.22 | 0.73 | |
| 44. Use experiential learning techniques | 73 | 4.14 (0.947) | 3.84 (0.972) | 3.85 (1.05) | 3.40 (1.24) | 0.30 | 0.29 | 0.74 | |
| 45. Assist student to dig deep | 63 | 4.08 (0.885) | 3.77 (0.895) | 3.81 (0.920) | 3.37 (1.08) | 0.31 | 0.27 | 0.71 | |
| 46. Delegate to students | 63 | 4.06 (0.948) | 3.73 (0.978) | 3.79 (1.07) | 3.35 (1.19) | 0.33 | 0.27 | 0.71 | |
| 47. Integrate student development theories | 78 | 4.05 (0.992) | 3.79 (0.923) | 3.64 (1.06) | 3.21 (1.23) | 0.26 | 0.41 | 0.84 | |
| Professional Environment | 48. Professional ethical standards of Student Affairs | 75 | 4.33 (0.940) | 3.84 (1.17) | 3.97 (1.18) | 3.43 (1.31) | 0.49 | 0.36 | 0.90 |
| 49. Organizational structure of current institution | 75 | 3.97 (0.979) | 3.73 (1.05) | 3.65 (1.08) | 3.35 (1.17) | 0.24 | 0.32 | 0.62 | |
| 50. Assessment of leadership education at current institution | 78 | 3.73 (1.10) | 3.61 (1.11) | 3.52 (1.17) | 3.12 (1.23) | 0.12 | 0.21 | 0.61 | |
| 51. View of leadership education at current institution | 78 | 3.64 (4.06) | 3.39 (1.05) | 3.47 (1.06) | 3.08 (1.17) | 0.25 | 0.17 | 0.56 | |
| Communication Skills | 52. Effective written communication | 65 | 4.65 (0.543) | 4.27 (0.718) | 4.17 (0.935) | 3.57 (1.10) | 0.38 | 0.48 | 1.08 |
| 53. Effective oral communication | 65 | 4.62 (0.605) | 4.25 (0.777) | 4.22 (0.806) | 3.65 (1.05) | 0.37 | 0.40 | 0.97 | |
| 54. Use of counseling/advising skills | 73 | 4.36 (0.823) | 4.15 (0.833) | 4.19 (0.952) | 3.60 (1.12) | 0.21 | 0.17 | 0.76 | |
| 55. Use of coaching skills | 73 | 4.22 (0.837) | 3.92 (0.946) | 4.03 (1.07) | 3.44 (1.16) | 0.30 | 0.19 | 0.78 |
| Dimension | Competency | Import. (I) | Know. (K) | Perform. (P) | Teach. (T) | Gap I-K | Gap I-P | Gap I-T | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||||||
| Program Development | 1. Build programs to meet desired outcomes | 109 | 4.58 (0.658) | 4.21 (0.777) | 4.31 (0.793) | 3.80 (0.989) | 0.37 | 0.27 | 0.78 |
| 2. Carry out plan beyond single event or program | 109 | 4.50 (0.779) | 4.22 (0.772) | 4.33 (0.810) | 3.84 (1.06) | 0.28 | 0.17 | 0.66 | |
| 3. Program Development | 109 | 4.43 (0.727) | 4.25 (0.741) | 4.39 (0.683) | 3.84 (1.01) | 0.22 | 0.08 | 0.41 | |
| 4. Integrate leadership theories | 78 | 3.96 (0.904) | 3.71 (0.958) | 3.60 (1.11) | 3.27 (1.16) | 0.25 | 0.36 | 0.69 | |
| 5. Conduct empirical research about college students | 76 | 3.61 (1.10) | 3.51 (1.06) | 3.30 (1.23) | 2.82 (1.30) | 0.10 | 0.31 | 0.79 | |
| Inclusion and Belonging | 6. Sensitive to needs of diverse individuals or populations | 90 | 4.79 (0.532) | 4.24 (0.989) | 4.32 (0.961) | 3.96 (1.12) | 0.55 | 0.47 | 0.83 |
| 7. Advocate for DEI | 90 | 4.77 (0.565) | 4.26 (0.857) | 4.38 (0.909) | 3.93 (1.13) | 0.51 | 0.39 | 0.84 | |
| 8. Sensitive to experiences of diverse individuals or populations | 90 | 4.76 (0.589) | 4.24 (0.892) | 4.30 (0.907) | 3.90 (1.07) | 0.52 | 0.46 | 0.86 | |
| 9. Acceptance of all social identities | 90 | 4.71 (0.568) | 4.24 (0.879) | 4.37 (0.895) | 3.93 (1.13) | 0.47 | 0.34 | 0.78 | |
| 10. Awareness of how social identities influence college experience | 90 | 4.68 (0.670) | 4.28 (0.876) | 4.27 (0.936) | 3.91 (1.21) | 0.40 | 0.41 | 0.77 | |
| 11. Create and sustain positive environment | 81 | 4.51 (0.616) | 4.07 (0.862) | 4.24 (0.871) | 3.83 (0.925) | 0.44 | 0.41 | 0.77 | |
| 12. Build community | 81 | 4.48 (0.656) | 4.21 (0.802) | 4.28 (0.812) | 3.90 (1.03) | 0.27 | 0.20 | 0.58 | |
| Professional Behaviors | 13. Respect for all students | 90 | 4.74 (0.613) | 4.42 (0.850) | 4.53 (0.813) | 4.21 (1.06) | 0.32 | 0.21 | 0.53 |
| 14. Learn from mistakes | 68 | 4.72 (0.542) | 4.22 (0.885) | 4.36 (0.916) | 3.76 (1.22) | 0.50 | 0.36 | 0.96 | |
| 15. Demonstrate trustworthiness | 69 | 4.71 (0.571) | 4.19 (0.935) | 4.34 (1.07) | 3.68 (1.18) | 0.52 | 0.37 | 1.03 | |
| 16. Modify behavior based on feedback | 69 | 4.71 (0.621) | 4.29 (0.774) | 4.28 (0.928) | 3.72 (1.20) | 0.42 | 0.43 | 0.99 | |
| 17. Demonstrate problem-solving skills | 69 | 4.70 (0.523) | 4.22 (0.918) | 4.31 (0.918) | 3.76 (1.11) | 0.48 | 0.39 | 0.94 | |
| 18. Demonstrate multicultural competence | 90 | 4.68 (0.647) | 4.31 (0.826) | 4.32 (0.923) | 3.96 (1.13) | 0.37 | 0.36 | 0.72 | |
| 19. Demonstrate critical-thinking skills | 69 | 4.67 (0.657) | 4.22 (0.975) | 4.29 (1.04) | 3.68 (1.29) | 0.45 | 0.38 | 0.99 | |
| 20. Accept feedback | 69 | 4.65 (0.764) | 4.25 (0.870) | 4.25 (0.936) | 3.77 (1.18) | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.88 | |
| 21. Adaptable | 69 | 4.64 (0.542) | 4.22 (0.750) | 4.38 (0.829) | 3.59 (1.09) | 0.42 | 0.26 | 1.05 | |
| 22. Demonstrate ethical decision-making | 69 | 4.62 (0.688) | 4.15 (0.981) | 4.41 (0.833) | 3.83 (1.19) | 0.47 | 0.21 | 0.79 | |
| 23. Willingness to learn | 66 | 4.61 (0.654) | 4.15 (0.923) | 4.18 (0.950) | 3.62 (1.14) | 0.46 | 0.43 | 0.99 | |
| 24. Demonstrate emotional intelligence | 69 | 4.54 (0.759) | 4.13 (0.879) | 4.25 (0.920) | 3.57 (1.19) | 0.41 | 0.29 | 0.97 | |
| 25. Demonstrate professionalism | 69 | 4.48 (0.885) | 4.06 (0.879) | 4.26 (0.908) | 3.83 (1.08) | 0.42 | 0.22 | 0.65 | |
| 26. Build professional relationships | 81 | 4.38 (0.753) | 4.01 (0.900) | 4.06 (0.919) | 3.63 (1.02) | 0.37 | 0.32 | 0.75 | |
| 27. Forsee possible outcomes of decisions | 69 | 4.32 (0.831) | 4.10 (0.933) | 4.12 (1.00) | 3.51 (1.24) | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.81 | |
| 28. Authentic | 66 | 4.32 (0.768) | 3.89 (0.938) | 4.02 (0.927) | 3.28 (1.19) | 0.43 | 0.30 | 1.04 | |
| 29. Being a continuous learner | 65 | 4.32 (0.970) | 4.02 (0.927) | 4.05 (0.975) | 3.52 (1.18) | 0.30 | 0.27 | 0.80 | |
| 30. Take time for self-reflection | 66 | 4.20 (0.980) | 3.94 (0.917) | 3.78 (1.04) | 3.52 (1.16) | 0.26 | 0.42 | 0.68 | |
| 31. Willing to mentor others | 66 | 4.11 (0.914) | 3.83 (0.961) | 3.80 (1.18) | 3.26 (1.68) | 0.28 | 0.31 | 0.85 | |
| 32. Willing to be mentored | 66 | 4.00 (0.992) | 3.69 (0.951) | 3.68 (0.970) | 3.20 (1.15) | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.80 | |
| Working on a Team | 33. Communicate across differences | 65 | 4.72 (0.573) | 4.20 (0.876) | 4.19 (0.965) | 3.55 (1.15) | 0.52 | 0.53 | 1.17 |
| 34. Work with diverse individuals | 81 | 4.70 (0.624) | 4.33 (0.809) | 4.37 (0.913) | 4.02 (1.07) | 0.37 | 0.33 | 0.68 | |
| 35. Work on a team | 81 | 4.58 (0.710) | 4.31 (0.877) | 4.41 (0.855) | 3.98 (1.01) | 0.27 | 0.17 | 0.60 | |
| 36. Theory of team formation | 81 | 3.67 (1.10) | 3.54 (1.12) | 3.66 (1.08) | 3.30 (1.17) | 0.13 | 0.01 | 0.37 | |
| Education and Student Success | 37. Empower students | 63 | 4.54 (0.618) | 4.10 (0.918) | 4.11 (0.969) | 3.62 (1.22) | 0.44 | 0.43 | 0.92 |
| 38. Challenge students appropriately | 63 | 4.44 (0.716) | 4.03 (0.774) | 4.11 (0.943) | 3.51 (1.12) | 0.41 | 0.33 | 0.93 | |
| 39. Use group facilitation techniques | 73 | 4.37 (0.773) | 4.11 (0.849) | 4.11 (0.906) | 3.70 (1.13) | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.67 | |
| 40. Develop leadership capacity in diverse students | 78 | 4.32 (0.974) | 3.97 (1.05) | 3.95 (1.16) | 3.56 (1.16) | 0.35 | 0.37 | 0.76 | |
| 41. Persistence in advising for student success | 63 | 4.25 (0.761) | 3.82 (0.878) | 3.90 (0.912) | 3.58 (1.18) | 0.43 | 0.35 | 0.67 | |
| 42. Challenge colleagues appropriately | 63 | 4.24 (0.798) | 3.95 (0.838) | 3.94 (1.04) | 3.37 (1.19) | 0.29 | 0.30 | 0.87 | |
| 43. Teach others | 73 | 4.22 (0.768) | 3.93 (0.877) | 4.00 (1.01) | 3.49 (1.18) | 0.29 | 0.22 | 0.73 | |
| 44. Use experiential learning techniques | 73 | 4.14 (0.947) | 3.84 (0.972) | 3.85 (1.05) | 3.40 (1.24) | 0.30 | 0.29 | 0.74 | |
| 45. Assist student to dig deep | 63 | 4.08 (0.885) | 3.77 (0.895) | 3.81 (0.920) | 3.37 (1.08) | 0.31 | 0.27 | 0.71 | |
| 46. Delegate to students | 63 | 4.06 (0.948) | 3.73 (0.978) | 3.79 (1.07) | 3.35 (1.19) | 0.33 | 0.27 | 0.71 | |
| 47. Integrate student development theories | 78 | 4.05 (0.992) | 3.79 (0.923) | 3.64 (1.06) | 3.21 (1.23) | 0.26 | 0.41 | 0.84 | |
| Professional Environment | 48. Professional ethical standards of Student Affairs | 75 | 4.33 (0.940) | 3.84 (1.17) | 3.97 (1.18) | 3.43 (1.31) | 0.49 | 0.36 | 0.90 |
| 49. Organizational structure of current institution | 75 | 3.97 (0.979) | 3.73 (1.05) | 3.65 (1.08) | 3.35 (1.17) | 0.24 | 0.32 | 0.62 | |
| 50. Assessment of leadership education at current institution | 78 | 3.73 (1.10) | 3.61 (1.11) | 3.52 (1.17) | 3.12 (1.23) | 0.12 | 0.21 | 0.61 | |
| 51. View of leadership education at current institution | 78 | 3.64 (4.06) | 3.39 (1.05) | 3.47 (1.06) | 3.08 (1.17) | 0.25 | 0.17 | 0.56 | |
| Communication Skills | 52. Effective written communication | 65 | 4.65 (0.543) | 4.27 (0.718) | 4.17 (0.935) | 3.57 (1.10) | 0.38 | 0.48 | 1.08 |
| 53. Effective oral communication | 65 | 4.62 (0.605) | 4.25 (0.777) | 4.22 (0.806) | 3.65 (1.05) | 0.37 | 0.40 | 0.97 | |
| 54. Use of counseling/advising skills | 73 | 4.36 (0.823) | 4.15 (0.833) | 4.19 (0.952) | 3.60 (1.12) | 0.21 | 0.17 | 0.76 | |
| 55. Use of coaching skills | 73 | 4.22 (0.837) | 3.92 (0.946) | 4.03 (1.07) | 3.44 (1.16) | 0.30 | 0.19 | 0.78 |
Note(s):
Items were removed from analysis due to significant differences between early and late respondents
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