Table 1 Smart living domains, indicators... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Smart living domains, indicators and statements used in the questionnaire

Domains	Indicators	Statements (1–5 Likert scale)	Smart tools (respondents were asked how far they agreed that a smart city should have the following smart tools)
Environment Oh (2020), Ji et al. (2021), Shami et al. (2022)	Air quality Green spaces Cleanliness Peace and quiet Sustainability	The air quality is good There are enough attractive green spaces It is a clean city It is not too noisy in the area where I live It seems to be a sustainable city	N/A
Transport Bielinska-Dusza et al. (2021), Pira (2021), Chen and Chan (2023)	Affordability Reliability Efficiency Traffic management Parking Smart systems Recharging Cycling	It is easy to find my way around by public transport The public transport system is efficient and reliable The public transport system is affordable I mainly use an app or electronic tickets for public transport Traffic is well-managed overall There are enough parking spaces Parking is affordable Electronic parking systems work well in the city It is easy to find a recharging station for an electric car There are enough bike lanes	A transport system with e-ticket options (e.g. via apps or online booking) Electronic information boards to show when the next bus/train is coming Electronic parking options Electricity charging stations for cars Car-pooling or sharing apps Bike-sharing schemes
Safety Oh (2020), Ortega and Malcolm (2020), Ozkaya and Erdin (2020), Bielinska-Dusza et al. (2021), Cantuarias-Villessuzanne et al. (2021), Pira (2021), Shami et al. (2022)	Perceived security	Budapest feels safe, including at night	Smart lighting systems Cameras linked to security services in public spaces
Social Ortega and Malcolm (2020), Ozkaya and Erdin (2020), Bielinska-Dusza et al. (2021), Csukás and Szabó (2021), Ji et al. (2021), Chen and Chan (2023), Shami et al. (2022)	Friendliness of the city Sense of community Image Atmosphere Religious tolerance Information Consultation	The people seem open and friendly I feel a sense of community I have a positive image of the city in my mind The city has a good atmosphere I can easily find information about new developments Residents are consulted about important issues that affect their lives	WiFi available everywhere in the city Online complaint platforms where people can say what they find good or bad about the city to the Mayor or government
Leisure, culture and tourism Bielinska-Dusza et al. (2021), Cantuarias-Villessuzanne et al. (2021), Csukás and Szabó (2021), Ji et al. (2021), Oh (2020), Ortega and Malcolm (2020), Ozkaya and Erdin (2020), Pira (2021), Shami et al. (2022)	Sports Cultural facilities Tourist attractions Attitudes to tourism	The city has a good range of sports and fitness facilities The city has a good range of cultural facilities (e.g. museums galleries, heritage sites) The city has many interesting tourist attractions Tourism brings positive benefits to the city Tourism has some negative impacts on the city Tourism does not affect my life	Touchscreen kiosks in public areas providing information about local services, events and points of interest Electronic ticket options for theatres, museums and other cultural facilities Digital experiences in cultural facilities like museums, heritage sites and galleries

Domains	Indicators	Statements (1–5 Likert scale)	Smart tools (respondents were asked how far they agreed that a smart city should have the following smart tools)
Environment Oh (2020), Ji et al. (2021), Shami et al. (2022)	Air quality Green spaces Cleanliness Peace and quiet Sustainability	The air quality is good There are enough attractive green spaces It is a clean city It is not too noisy in the area where I live It seems to be a sustainable city	N/A
Transport Bielinska-Dusza et al. (2021), Pira (2021), Chen and Chan (2023)	Affordability Reliability Efficiency Traffic management Parking Smart systems Recharging Cycling	It is easy to find my way around by public transport The public transport system is efficient and reliable The public transport system is affordable I mainly use an app or electronic tickets for public transport Traffic is well-managed overall There are enough parking spaces Parking is affordable Electronic parking systems work well in the city It is easy to find a recharging station for an electric car There are enough bike lanes	A transport system with e-ticket options (e.g. via apps or online booking) Electronic information boards to show when the next bus/train is coming Electronic parking options Electricity charging stations for cars Car-pooling or sharing apps Bike-sharing schemes
Safety Oh (2020), Ortega and Malcolm (2020), Ozkaya and Erdin (2020), Bielinska-Dusza et al. (2021), Cantuarias-Villessuzanne et al. (2021), Pira (2021), Shami et al. (2022)	Perceived security	Budapest feels safe, including at night	Smart lighting systems Cameras linked to security services in public spaces
Social Ortega and Malcolm (2020), Ozkaya and Erdin (2020), Bielinska-Dusza et al. (2021), Csukás and Szabó (2021), Ji et al. (2021), Chen and Chan (2023), Shami et al. (2022)	Friendliness of the city Sense of community Image Atmosphere Religious tolerance Information Consultation	The people seem open and friendly I feel a sense of community I have a positive image of the city in my mind The city has a good atmosphere I can easily find information about new developments Residents are consulted about important issues that affect their lives	WiFi available everywhere in the city Online complaint platforms where people can say what they find good or bad about the city to the Mayor or government
Leisure, culture and tourismBielinska-Dusza et al. (2021), Cantuarias-Villessuzanne et al. (2021), Csukás and Szabó (2021), Ji et al. (2021), Oh (2020), Ortega and Malcolm (2020), Ozkaya and Erdin (2020), Pira (2021), Shami et al. (2022)	Sports Cultural facilities Tourist attractions Attitudes to tourism	The city has a good range of sports and fitness facilities The city has a good range of cultural facilities (e.g. museums galleries, heritage sites) The city has many interesting tourist attractions Tourism brings positive benefits to the city Tourism has some negative impacts on the city Tourism does not affect my life	Touchscreen kiosks in public areas providing information about local services, events and points of interest Electronic ticket options for theatres, museums and other cultural facilities Digital experiences in cultural facilities like museums, heritage sites and galleries

Source(s): Authors’ own work