Table 1 Criteria to classify the... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Criteria to classify the selected publications

Criteria	Classified in …
Year	Accordance to the year of publication, to identify any patterns or trends over time
Sector of application	(1) building management; (2) transportation infrastructure; (3) healthcare facility; (4) dams and irrigation, and (5) others like energy harvesting or hazard protection facility
Sensing technology used	(1) Air quality: Sensors detecting pollutants of other particles concentration, e.g. including CO2 content, flames, gas, NO2, O3, particles, smoke (2) Biosensor: Sensors measuring biological/chemical reactions, e.g. biological activities, heart rate and SpO2, which measuring blood oxygen saturation (3) Distance: Includes ultrasonic (diffuse proximity, retro-reflective, through-beam) and optical sensors (based on wavelength, frequency, polarization of light) (4) Electrical: Sensors that detect or measure electrical changes (5) Humidity: Sensors measuring the amount of water vapor in the air (6) Imaging: like CCTV(Closed-Circuit Television) for surveillance, RGB (Red, Green, Blue) sensors and RGBD (Red, Green, Blue, Depth) sensors (7) Light: Sensors detecting light or changes in lighting conditions (8) Moisture: measuring the level of water content in environment or material (9) Motion: Sensors detecting movement in an area (10) Occupancy: recognizing access or presence of bodies in a defined space, e.g. using infrared radiation, microwaves, acoustics, ultrasonic and Wi-Fi signals (11) Power: Sensors measuring the rate of energy usage or generation (12) Pressure: Sensors detecting the force exerted on a surface (13) Temperature: including thermometers in climate and medical system (14) Other [NEI]: e.g. rain and AVL (automated vehicle location) (15) Not specified [NA]
Type of response	(1) Alert response: only an alert signal is triggered in critical situations (e.g. structural monitoring of beam and column) (2) control of electricity: regulating power flow, intensity, voltage and energy use (3) control of elevator: referring to the management and regulation of elevators, escalators, and other vertical transit systems (4) control of emergency system: fire alarms, fire suppression systems, and evacuation plans (5) control of energy: monitoring the use of various energy-consuming systems and equipment, as well as implementing energy-saving strategies and technologies (6) control of HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning): regulation and management of temperature, humidity, and air flow in a building or enclosed space to maintain a comfortable indoor environment and improve air quality (7) control of lighting: optimizing lighting for comfort, safety and energy efficiency (8) control of partition: managing movable partitions or dividers within spaces (9) control of traffic: referring to the supervision of the movement of people, goods, or vehicles to ensure efficiency and safety (10) control of valve: managing the flow of liquids, gases, or other substances (11) information: no change in the infrastructure is triggered and the only reaction planned is a data recording on critical situations (12) information and alert: both an alert signal and information are executed
Triggering logic used	(1) no triggering: systems work without the need for triggering (2) explicit triggering: triggering logic is clearly reported (3) implicit triggering: triggering logic exists but is not explained in the paper
Maturity of technology	Accordance to the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) TRL1, Basic principles observed and reported TRL2, Technology concept and/or application formulated TRL3, Analytical and experimental critical function and/or proof of concept TRL4, Component and/or breadboard validation in a laboratory environment TRL5, Component and/or breadboard validation in a relevant environment TRL6, System/subsystem prototype demonstration in relevant environment TRL7, System/Subsystem model/prototype in operational environment TRL8, Actual system completed and qualified through test and demonstration TRL9, Actual system proven through successful mission operations

Criteria	Classified in …
Year	Accordance to the year of publication, to identify any patterns or trends over time
Sector of application	(1) building management; (2) transportation infrastructure; (3) healthcare facility; (4) dams and irrigation, and (5) others like energy harvesting or hazard protection facility
Sensing technology used	(1) Air quality: Sensors detecting pollutants of other particles concentration, e.g. including CO2 content, flames, gas, NO2, O3, particles, smoke(2) Biosensor: Sensors measuring biological/chemical reactions, e.g. biological activities, heart rate and SpO2, which measuring blood oxygen saturation(3) Distance: Includes ultrasonic (diffuse proximity, retro-reflective, through-beam) and optical sensors (based on wavelength, frequency, polarization of light)(4) Electrical: Sensors that detect or measure electrical changes(5) Humidity: Sensors measuring the amount of water vapor in the air(6) Imaging: like CCTV(Closed-Circuit Television) for surveillance, RGB (Red, Green, Blue) sensors and RGBD (Red, Green, Blue, Depth) sensors(7) Light: Sensors detecting light or changes in lighting conditions(8) Moisture: measuring the level of water content in environment or material(9) Motion: Sensors detecting movement in an area(10) Occupancy: recognizing access or presence of bodies in a defined space, e.g. using infrared radiation, microwaves, acoustics, ultrasonic and Wi-Fi signals(11) Power: Sensors measuring the rate of energy usage or generation(12) Pressure: Sensors detecting the force exerted on a surface(13) Temperature: including thermometers in climate and medical system(14) Other [NEI]: e.g. rain and AVL (automated vehicle location)(15) Not specified [NA]
Type of response	(1) Alert response: only an alert signal is triggered in critical situations (e.g. structural monitoring of beam and column)(2) control of electricity: regulating power flow, intensity, voltage and energy use(3) control of elevator: referring to the management and regulation of elevators, escalators, and other vertical transit systems(4) control of emergency system: fire alarms, fire suppression systems, and evacuation plans(5) control of energy: monitoring the use of various energy-consuming systems and equipment, as well as implementing energy-saving strategies and technologies(6) control of HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning): regulation and management of temperature, humidity, and air flow in a building or enclosed space to maintain a comfortable indoor environment and improve air quality(7) control of lighting: optimizing lighting for comfort, safety and energy efficiency(8) control of partition: managing movable partitions or dividers within spaces(9) control of traffic: referring to the supervision of the movement of people, goods, or vehicles to ensure efficiency and safety(10) control of valve: managing the flow of liquids, gases, or other substances(11) information: no change in the infrastructure is triggered and the only reaction planned is a data recording on critical situations(12) information and alert: both an alert signal and information are executed
Triggering logic used	(1) no triggering: systems work without the need for triggering(2) explicit triggering: triggering logic is clearly reported(3) implicit triggering: triggering logic exists but is not explained in the paper
Maturity of technology	Accordance to the Technology Readiness Level (TRL)TRL1, Basic principles observed and reportedTRL2, Technology concept and/or application formulatedTRL3, Analytical and experimental critical function and/or proof of conceptTRL4, Component and/or breadboard validation in a laboratory environmentTRL5, Component and/or breadboard validation in a relevant environmentTRL6, System/subsystem prototype demonstration in relevant environmentTRL7, System/Subsystem model/prototype in operational environmentTRL8, Actual system completed and qualified through test and demonstrationTRL9, Actual system proven through successful mission operations

Source(s): Table 1 is created by authors. https://esto.nasa.gov/trl/