Classification of the selected research on responsive infrastructure
| Reference | Infrastructure | Sensing technology | Response | Trigger logic | TRL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coelingh et al. (2006) | Transportation | Distance Imaging | Control of Energy | Explicit | 7 |
| Urbikain and Sala (2009) | Buildings | Temperature | Control of Energy | Explicit | 5 |
| Lu et al. (2010) | Buildings | Motion | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 7 |
| Mathur et al. (2010) | Transportation | Distance | Control of Traffic | Explicit | 7 |
| Agarwal et al. (2010) | Buildings | Motion | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 8 |
| Park et al. (2010) | Hospital | Biosensor Pressure Temperature | Information and Alert | Explicit | 8 |
| Chen et al. (2010) | Hospital | Biosensor Motion Temperature | Information and Alert | Explicit | 8 |
| Yao et al. (2011) | Hospital | Motion | Alert Response | Explicit | 2 |
| Sharma et al. (2011) | Transportation | Motion | Information and Alert | Explicit | 7 |
| Dilmaghani et al. (2011) | Hospital | Biosensor | Information and Alert | Explicit | 6 |
| Ni et al. (2012) | Buildings | Imaging | Alert Response | Explicit | 7 |
| Weng and Agarwal (2012) | Buildings | Occupancy | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 2 |
| Visvanathan et al. (2012) | Hospital | Motion | Information and Alert | Explicit | 7 |
| Balaji et al. (2013) | Buildings | Occupancy | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 9 |
| Saad et al. (2013) | Transportation | Light Motion | Control of Traffic | Explicit | 6 |
| Torfs et al. (2013) | Buildings | Humidity Motion | Control of HVAC Control of Lighting Control of Partitions | Explicit | 8 |
| Peng and Qian (2014) | Buildings | Power | Control of Electricity | Explicit | 8 |
| Öörni et al. (2015) | Buildings | Power | Control of Electricity | Explicit | 7 |
| Gruber et al. (2014) | Buildings | Humidity Motion | Control of HVAC Control of Lighting Control of Emergency Systems | Explicit | 6 |
| Gonnot et al. (2014) | Hospital | Biosensor Pressure Temperature | Information and Alert | Explicit | 7 |
| Marzouk and Abdelaty (2014) | Buildings | Temperature | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 7 |
| Chiuchisan et al. (2014) | Hospital | Distance | Information and Alert | Explicit | 8 |
| Yang et al. (2014) | Buildings | Motion | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 7 |
| Orrie et al. (2015) | Buildings | Imaging | Alert Response | Explicit | 7 |
| Suryadevara et al. (2014) | Transportation | NEI | Control of Emergency Systems | Implicit | 9 |
| Li and Mi (2015) | Transportation | NA | Control of Electricity | Explicit | 9 |
| Madli et al. (2015) | Transportation | Distance | Alert Response | Explicit | 7 |
| Ajith et al. (2015) | Hospital | Biosensor | Information and Alert | Explicit | 8 |
| Ajami and Khaleghi (2015) | Hospital | Humidity Motion Pressure Pressure | Information and Alert | Explicit | 8 |
| Dunlop et al. (2016) | Transportation | Motion | Alert Response | Explicit | 4 |
| Abid et al. (2016) | Buildings | Temperature | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 6 |
| Sharma and Bedi (2016) | Others | NA | Alert Response | No Trigger | 9 |
| Lee et al. (2016) | Transportation | Imaging Motion | Information | No Trigger | 5 |
| Kanase and Gaikwad (2016) | Transportation | Other | Control of Traffic | Explicit | 6 |
| Nellore and Hancke (2016) | Buildings | Light | Alert Response | Explicit | 2 |
| Lakshminarasimhan (2016) | Transportation | Motion | Control of Traffic Control of Energy | Explicit | 9 |
| Favoino et al. (2016) | Buildings | Temperature | Control of Partitions | Explicit | 6 |
| Biloria (2016) | Buildings | Distance Motion | Control of Partitions | Implicit | 9 |
| Hoy (2016) | Buildings | Occupancy | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 5 |
| Kim et al. (2016) | Buildings | Air Quality Temperature | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 7 |
| Gultom et al. (2017) | Dams and Irrigation | Moisture | Control of Valve | Explicit | 6 |
| Vishwas and Ullas (2017) | Buildings | Motion | Control of Lighting | Explicit | 7 |
| Hu et al. (2017) | Hospital | Biosensor | Alert Response | Explicit | 4 |
| Yamamoto et al. (2017) | Hospital | Biosensor | Alert Response | Explicit | 5 |
| Dey et al. (2017) | Hospital | Biosensor | Information and Alert | Explicit | 8 |
| Dementyev et al. (2017) | Hospital | Pressure | Information and Alert | Explicit | 3 |
| Torres et al. (2017) | Hospital | Motion | Information and Alert | Explicit | 6 |
| Gargoum et al. (2017) | Transportation | Distance | Information and Alert | Explicit | 6 |
| Lakkis and Elshakankiri (2017) | Hospital | Temperature | Information and Alert | Explicit | 8 |
| Aviv (2018) | Transportation | Power | Alert Response | No Trigger | 9 |
| De Belie et al. (2018) | Others | NA | Alert Response | No Trigger | 9 |
| Khan et al. (2018) | Buildings | NEI | Control of Partitions | Implicit | 6 |
| Yang et al. (2018) | Transportation | Distance | Alert Response | Explicit | 6 |
| Perilla et al. (2018) | Buildings | Temperature | Control of Lighting | Explicit | 7 |
| Al-Yemni et al. (2018) | Buildings | Temperature | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 8 |
| Geman et al. (2018) | Hospital | Temperature | Information and Alert | Explicit | 8 |
| Pereira and Nunes (2018) | Hospital | Motion | Information and Alert | Explicit | 6 |
| Mary Reena et al. (2018) | Buildings | Occupancy | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 8 |
| Asthana et al. (2019) | Transportation | Temperature | Control of Energy | Explicit | 1 |
| Alghamdi and Almawgani (2019) | Buildings | Motion | Control of Partitions | Explicit | 7 |
| Ren et al. (2019) | Others | Moisture | Control of Energy | Explicit | 4 |
| Hosseini et al. (2019) | Buildings | Light | Control of Partitions | Explicit | 3 |
| Wang et al. (2019) | Buildings | NA | Control of Partitions | No Trigger | 7 |
| Toh et al. (2019) | Transportation | Occupancy | Control of Traffic | Explicit | 5 |
| Daniel et al. (2019) | Buildings | Imaging | Alert Response | Explicit | 7 |
| Angelov et al. (2019) | Hospital | Biosensor | Alert Response | Explicit | 8 |
| Sony et al. (2019) | Buildings | Motion | Alert Response | Explicit | 3 |
| Cho (2019) | Hospital | Distance | Information and Alert | Explicit | 8 |
| Ji et al. (2019) | Buildings | Temperature | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 7 |
| Liu et al. (2019) | Buildings | Temperature | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 8 |
| Lu et al. (2020) | Transportation | Light | Control of Lighting | Explicit | 9 |
| Niranjan and Rakesh (2020) | Buildings | Other | Control of Lighting | Explicit | 7 |
| Angdresey et al. (2020) | Others | Temperature | Information | Explicit | 6 |
| Liu et al. (2020) | Others | Temperature | Alert Response | Explicit | 6 |
| Koroniotis et al. (2020) | Transportation | Motion | Information and Alert | Explicit | 7 |
| Samha et al. (2020) | Buildings | Occupancy | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 7 |
| Sharma (2020) | Hospital | Biosensor | Information and Alert | Explicit | 7 |
| Abdulkareem et al. (2021) | Buildings | Temperature | Control of Partitions | Explicit | 6 |
| Jiang et al. (2021) | Buildings | NA | Control of Partitions | No Trigger | 7 |
| Liu et al. (2021) | Buildings | Air Quality | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 8 |
| Ilham et al. (2021) | Buildings | Air Quality | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 7 |
| Saleem and Hosoda (2021) | Transportation | Temperature | Control of Lighting | Explicit | 9 |
| Sai Sri Vastava et al. (2021) | Transportation | Motion | Control of Traffic | Explicit | 9 |
| Madhuri et al. (2021) | Transportation | Motion | Control of Traffic | Explicit | 6 |
| Laxman and Jain (2021) | Buildings | Pressure | Control of Elevator | Explicit | 6 |
| Aditya et al. (2021) | Dams and Irrigation | Distance | Control of Valve | Explicit | 4 |
| Visvanathan et al. (2022) | Hospital | Motion | Alert Response | Explicit | 3 |
| Ariansyah et al. (2021) | Buildings | Imaging | Control of Partitions | Explicit | 6 |
| Said et al. (2021) | Hospital | NA | Information and Alert | Explicit | 6 |
| Brintha et al. (2022) | Others | Temperature | Information | No Trigger | 7 |
| Gnanavel et al. (2022) | Transportation | Motion | Control of Partitions | Explicit | 9 |
| He et al. (2022) | Buildings | Temperature | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 6 |
| Nicholson et al. (2022) | Dams and Irrigation | Moisture | Control of Valve | Explicit | 9 |
| Krishnan et al. (2022) | Transportation | Motion | Alert Response | Explicit | 8 |
| Christakis et al. (2022) | Buildings | Air Quality | Information | No Trigger | 6 |
| Soudian and Berardi, (2022) | Buildings | Temperature | Control of Valve | Explicit | 7 |
| Lu et al. (2021) | Hospital | Biosensor | Alert Response | Explicit | 5 |
| Mursidah et al. (2022) | Buildings | Light | Control of Lighting | Explicit | 7 |
| Taheri et al. (2022) | Buildings | Motion | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 7 |
| Reference | Infrastructure | Sensing technology | Response | Trigger logic | TRL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transportation | Distance | Control of Energy | Explicit | 7 | |
| Buildings | Temperature | Control of Energy | Explicit | 5 | |
| Buildings | Motion | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 7 | |
| Transportation | Distance | Control of Traffic | Explicit | 7 | |
| Buildings | Motion | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 8 | |
| Hospital | Biosensor | Information and Alert | Explicit | 8 | |
| Hospital | Biosensor | Information and Alert | Explicit | 8 | |
| Hospital | Motion | Alert Response | Explicit | 2 | |
| Transportation | Motion | Information and Alert | Explicit | 7 | |
| Hospital | Biosensor | Information and Alert | Explicit | 6 | |
| Buildings | Imaging | Alert Response | Explicit | 7 | |
| Buildings | Occupancy | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 2 | |
| Hospital | Motion | Information and Alert | Explicit | 7 | |
| Buildings | Occupancy | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 9 | |
| Transportation | Light | Control of Traffic | Explicit | 6 | |
| Buildings | Humidity | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 8 | |
| Buildings | Power | Control of Electricity | Explicit | 8 | |
| Buildings | Power | Control of Electricity | Explicit | 7 | |
| Buildings | Humidity | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 6 | |
| Hospital | Biosensor | Information and Alert | Explicit | 7 | |
| Buildings | Temperature | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 7 | |
| Hospital | Distance | Information and Alert | Explicit | 8 | |
| Buildings | Motion | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 7 | |
| Buildings | Imaging | Alert Response | Explicit | 7 | |
| Transportation | NEI | Control of Emergency Systems | Implicit | 9 | |
| Transportation | NA | Control of Electricity | Explicit | 9 | |
| Transportation | Distance | Alert Response | Explicit | 7 | |
| Hospital | Biosensor | Information and Alert | Explicit | 8 | |
| Hospital | Humidity | Information and Alert | Explicit | 8 | |
| Transportation | Motion | Alert Response | Explicit | 4 | |
| Buildings | Temperature | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 6 | |
| Others | NA | Alert Response | No Trigger | 9 | |
| Transportation | Imaging | Information | No Trigger | 5 | |
| Transportation | Other | Control of Traffic | Explicit | 6 | |
| Buildings | Light | Alert Response | Explicit | 2 | |
| Transportation | Motion | Control of Traffic | Explicit | 9 | |
| Buildings | Temperature | Control of Partitions | Explicit | 6 | |
| Buildings | Distance | Control of Partitions | Implicit | 9 | |
| Buildings | Occupancy | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 5 | |
| Buildings | Air Quality | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 7 | |
| Dams and Irrigation | Moisture | Control of Valve | Explicit | 6 | |
| Buildings | Motion | Control of Lighting | Explicit | 7 | |
| Hospital | Biosensor | Alert Response | Explicit | 4 | |
| Hospital | Biosensor | Alert Response | Explicit | 5 | |
| Hospital | Biosensor | Information and Alert | Explicit | 8 | |
| Hospital | Pressure | Information and Alert | Explicit | 3 | |
| Hospital | Motion | Information and Alert | Explicit | 6 | |
| Transportation | Distance | Information and Alert | Explicit | 6 | |
| Hospital | Temperature | Information and Alert | Explicit | 8 | |
| Transportation | Power | Alert Response | No Trigger | 9 | |
| Others | NA | Alert Response | No Trigger | 9 | |
| Buildings | NEI | Control of Partitions | Implicit | 6 | |
| Transportation | Distance | Alert Response | Explicit | 6 | |
| Buildings | Temperature | Control of Lighting | Explicit | 7 | |
| Buildings | Temperature | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 8 | |
| Hospital | Temperature | Information and Alert | Explicit | 8 | |
| Hospital | Motion | Information and Alert | Explicit | 6 | |
| Buildings | Occupancy | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 8 | |
| Transportation | Temperature | Control of Energy | Explicit | 1 | |
| Buildings | Motion | Control of Partitions | Explicit | 7 | |
| Others | Moisture | Control of Energy | Explicit | 4 | |
| Buildings | Light | Control of Partitions | Explicit | 3 | |
| Buildings | NA | Control of Partitions | No Trigger | 7 | |
| Transportation | Occupancy | Control of Traffic | Explicit | 5 | |
| Buildings | Imaging | Alert Response | Explicit | 7 | |
| Hospital | Biosensor | Alert Response | Explicit | 8 | |
| Buildings | Motion | Alert Response | Explicit | 3 | |
| Hospital | Distance | Information and Alert | Explicit | 8 | |
| Buildings | Temperature | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 7 | |
| Buildings | Temperature | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 8 | |
| Transportation | Light | Control of Lighting | Explicit | 9 | |
| Buildings | Other | Control of Lighting | Explicit | 7 | |
| Others | Temperature | Information | Explicit | 6 | |
| Others | Temperature | Alert Response | Explicit | 6 | |
| Transportation | Motion | Information and Alert | Explicit | 7 | |
| Buildings | Occupancy | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 7 | |
| Hospital | Biosensor | Information and Alert | Explicit | 7 | |
| Buildings | Temperature | Control of Partitions | Explicit | 6 | |
| Buildings | NA | Control of Partitions | No Trigger | 7 | |
| Buildings | Air Quality | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 8 | |
| Buildings | Air Quality | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 7 | |
| Transportation | Temperature | Control of Lighting | Explicit | 9 | |
| Transportation | Motion | Control of Traffic | Explicit | 9 | |
| Transportation | Motion | Control of Traffic | Explicit | 6 | |
| Buildings | Pressure | Control of Elevator | Explicit | 6 | |
| Dams and Irrigation | Distance | Control of Valve | Explicit | 4 | |
| Hospital | Motion | Alert Response | Explicit | 3 | |
| Buildings | Imaging | Control of Partitions | Explicit | 6 | |
| Hospital | NA | Information and Alert | Explicit | 6 | |
| Others | Temperature | Information | No Trigger | 7 | |
| Transportation | Motion | Control of Partitions | Explicit | 9 | |
| Buildings | Temperature | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 6 | |
| Dams and Irrigation | Moisture | Control of Valve | Explicit | 9 | |
| Transportation | Motion | Alert Response | Explicit | 8 | |
| Buildings | Air Quality | Information | No Trigger | 6 | |
| Buildings | Temperature | Control of Valve | Explicit | 7 | |
| Hospital | Biosensor | Alert Response | Explicit | 5 | |
| Buildings | Light | Control of Lighting | Explicit | 7 | |
| Buildings | Motion | Control of HVAC | Explicit | 7 |
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