| Circular economy (CE) adoption | A large-scale, system-wide transition to a circular economy. | Hetherington et al. (2024), Mubarik et al. (2024) |
| Circular service ecosystems (CSE) | “Ideal types of service ecosystems, regenerative, and embedded within nature, where (material, intellectual, digital, and financial) resources flow seamlessly within and between nested systems without creating any waste or leakage.” | Fehrer et al. (2024, p. 49) |
| CSE adoption | The adoption of a CE paradigm within a service ecosystem by evolving from initial to improved dynamic states (from behavioral patterns of reproducing and reconfiguring to transitioning) facilitated by mobilizing drivers and effectively managing inhibitors to CSE evolution | The current Circular Service Ecosystem Framework |
| CSE evolution | The process of transitioning from initial to improved service ecosystem states (e.g. a linear to circular behavioral patterns) over a series of value co-creation episodes | Beckett (2023), Brodie et al. (2021), Kijima et al. (2016) |
| Drivers of CSE evolution | Factors that encourage and enable multiple actors to participate in CSE evolution | As'ad et al. (2024), Beirão et al. (2017), Brodie et al. (2021) |
| Emergence | The process of service ecosystems developing into new orders (i.e. a new entity with its own particular characteristics), where the phenomenon of new properties arising allow service ecosystems to adapt and transition | Fehrer et al. (2024), Polese et al. (2021), Vargo et al. (2023) |
| Inhibitors of CSE evolution | Factors that disrupt or create barriers to the process of CSE evolution | Sebastiani and Anzivino (2022) |
| CE Paradigm shift | A shift in the mental model (i.e. worldview) in the service ecosystem from a linear economy to a circular economy through the process of reevaluating and reconceptualizing prevailing economic models in the service ecosystem | Fehrer et al. (2024), van Egmond and de Vries (2011) |
| Service ecosystem dynamics | “The behavioral patterns of service ecosystems over time” | As'ad et al. (2024, p. 160) |
| Service ecosystem transitions | Shifts from one ecosystem state (i.e. emergent property) to another | Polese et al. (2021), Meynhardt et al. (2016) |