Construct, measurement item and source
| Construct | Measurement item | Source | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AI capabilities | AIC1 | Our firm has invested in cognitive computing technologies and infrastructure, which has enabled us to improve our strategic domains across all functional areas | Sahoo et al. (2024) |
| AIC2 | Our firm has its own proprietary data analytics and machine learning algorithms for extracting information and making cognitive interpretations of the collected data (from multiple sources) in the event of a process interruption | ||
| AIC3 | Our firm has developed a dashboard that helps process administrators understand the cognitive computing outputs of multifaceted information, enabling them to make informed decisions | ||
| AIC4 | Our firm has provisions for installing dashboard applications on our managers' communication devices to ease access to critical information | ||
| Organisational resilience | ORR1 | Given the business partnerships of other firms, our firm has developed appropriate contingency plans for the unexpected | Zahari et al. (2022) |
| ORR2 | Our firm conducts regular practice and testing of our emergency plans to ensure their effectiveness | ||
| ORR3 | Our firm focuses on our ability to respond to uncertain situations | ||
| ORR4 | Our firm actively monitors our industry to identify the early warning signs of crises | ||
| ORR5 | Our firm has sufficient resources to withstand the impact of unexpected emergencies | ||
| ORR6 | If primary responsible persons are unavailable, our firm can always find other stakeholders to fill their roles | ||
| ORR7 | Our firm has strong leadership to lead us through future crises | ||
| Sustainable competitiveness | SUC1 | The quality of our firm's products or services surpasses that of our competitors' products or services | Zhang et al. (2023) |
| SUC2 | Our firm is more capable of R&D than the competitors | ||
| SUC3 | Our firm has better managerial capability than the competitors | ||
| SUC4 | Our firm's profitability is better | ||
| SUC5 | Our firm's corporate image is superior to that of our competitors | ||
| SUC6 | It is difficult for our competitors to replace our firm's competitive advantage | ||
| Government institutional support | GIS1 | The central government have provided our firm with the necessary technology information and support | Shu et al. (2019) |
| GIS2 | The central government have supported our firm in seeking financial resources | ||
| GIS3 | The central government have provided our firm with beneficial policies | ||
| GIS4 | The central government have provided our firm with direct financial support, such as tax reduction and subsidies | ||
| GIS5 | The local government have provided our firm with the necessary technology information and support | ||
| GIS6 | The local government have supported our firm in seeking financial resources | ||
| GIS7 | The local government have provided our firm with beneficial projects | ||
| GIS8 | The local government have provided our firm with direct financial support, such as tax reduction and subsidies | ||
| Government regulatory intervention | GRI1 | The government regulations change frequently | Wang et al. (2023) |
| GRI2 | The changes in government regulations have a significant impact on our business operations | ||
| GRI3 | Changes in government regulations have a significant impact on our decision-making | ||
| GRI4 | Relevant local authorities, such as the Bureau of Tax and the Bureau of Industry and Commerce Administration, significantly impact our business operations |
| Construct | Measurement item | Source | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AI capabilities | AIC1 | Our firm has invested in cognitive computing technologies and infrastructure, which has enabled us to improve our strategic domains across all functional areas | |
| AIC2 | Our firm has its own proprietary data analytics and machine learning algorithms for extracting information and making cognitive interpretations of the collected data (from multiple sources) in the event of a process interruption | ||
| AIC3 | Our firm has developed a dashboard that helps process administrators understand the cognitive computing outputs of multifaceted information, enabling them to make informed decisions | ||
| AIC4 | Our firm has provisions for installing dashboard applications on our managers' communication devices to ease access to critical information | ||
| Organisational resilience | ORR1 | Given the business partnerships of other firms, our firm has developed appropriate contingency plans for the unexpected | |
| ORR2 | Our firm conducts regular practice and testing of our emergency plans to ensure their effectiveness | ||
| ORR3 | Our firm focuses on our ability to respond to uncertain situations | ||
| ORR4 | Our firm actively monitors our industry to identify the early warning signs of crises | ||
| ORR5 | Our firm has sufficient resources to withstand the impact of unexpected emergencies | ||
| ORR6 | If primary responsible persons are unavailable, our firm can always find other stakeholders to fill their roles | ||
| ORR7 | Our firm has strong leadership to lead us through future crises | ||
| Sustainable competitiveness | SUC1 | The quality of our firm's products or services surpasses that of our competitors' products or services | |
| SUC2 | Our firm is more capable of R&D than the competitors | ||
| SUC3 | Our firm has better managerial capability than the competitors | ||
| SUC4 | Our firm's profitability is better | ||
| SUC5 | Our firm's corporate image is superior to that of our competitors | ||
| SUC6 | It is difficult for our competitors to replace our firm's competitive advantage | ||
| Government institutional support | GIS1 | The central government have provided our firm with the necessary technology information and support | |
| GIS2 | The central government have supported our firm in seeking financial resources | ||
| GIS3 | The central government have provided our firm with beneficial policies | ||
| GIS4 | The central government have provided our firm with direct financial support, such as tax reduction and subsidies | ||
| GIS5 | The local government have provided our firm with the necessary technology information and support | ||
| GIS6 | The local government have supported our firm in seeking financial resources | ||
| GIS7 | The local government have provided our firm with beneficial projects | ||
| GIS8 | The local government have provided our firm with direct financial support, such as tax reduction and subsidies | ||
| Government regulatory intervention | GRI1 | The government regulations change frequently | |
| GRI2 | The changes in government regulations have a significant impact on our business operations | ||
| GRI3 | Changes in government regulations have a significant impact on our decision-making | ||
| GRI4 | Relevant local authorities, such as the Bureau of Tax and the Bureau of Industry and Commerce Administration, significantly impact our business operations |
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