Table 3 Scenario of XaaS roadmap... | Emerald Publishing

Table 3

Scenario of XaaS roadmap

	Scenario	Policy layer	Market layer	XaaS layer	Technology layer
2026–2030	Optimistic	Ambitious renewable energy targets and carbon pricing, widespread adoption of Society 5.0 principles	Increasing consumer demand for sustainable products and services, growing interest in biodiversity and regeneration	Widespread adoption of Emission Monitoring-as-a-Service, Financial-as-a-Service, etc., lead to efficient and transparent carbon credit trading	Mature and integrated emissions data systems, microgrids, and blockchain technology
	Neutral	Moderate progress on renewable energy targets and carbon pricing, Society 5.0 faces implementation challenges	XaaS market growth is steady, but growth is limited by price sensitivity and uncertainties	XaaS use rising, but complexity and cost concerns remain	Advancements in emissions data systems, microgrids and blockchain continue, but integration and scalability remain issues
	Pessimistic	Policy implementation stalls, limited progress on renewable energy and carbon pricing, resistance to Society 5.0	A decline XaaS market, limited consumer interest and lack of financial incentives for businesses	XaaS adoption is slow, organizations and individuals prefer traditional methods	Slow technological advancements and integration challenges hinder the development of CTaaS ecosystem
2031–2040	Optimistic	Stricter regulations and incentives for carbon reduction, flourishing smart city initiatives	Exponential growth in XaaS market.	Mature and optimized CTaaS ecosystem, seamless integration of services, significant investments in carbon neutrality initiatives	Blockchain becomes ubiquitous, advanced models for carbon price forecasting and dynamics enable proactive risk management
	Neutral	Gradual increase in regulations and incentives for carbon reduction, steady progress in smart city initiatives	Moderate growth in XaaS market.	CTaaS ecosystem expands, but integration and optimization face hurdles, increased adoption, but some remain cautious	Advances in technology but does not reach its full potential
	Pessimistic	Policy progress stagnates, limited enforcement and lack of new incentives, setbacks in smart city initiatives	Slower adoption in XaaS market, limited consumer interest and unclear policy	CTaaS ecosystem struggles, limited adoption of new offerings, challenges in maintaining existing services	Slow technological advancements and integration challenges hinder development

	Scenario	Policy layer	Market layer	XaaS layer	Technology layer
2026–2030	Optimistic	Ambitious renewable energy targets and carbon pricing, widespread adoption of Society 5.0 principles	Increasing consumer demand for sustainable products and services, growing interest in biodiversity and regeneration	Widespread adoption of Emission Monitoring-as-a-Service, Financial-as-a-Service, etc., lead to efficient and transparent carbon credit trading	Mature and integrated emissions data systems, microgrids, and blockchain technology
	Neutral	Moderate progress on renewable energy targets and carbon pricing, Society 5.0 faces implementation challenges	XaaS market growth is steady, but growth is limited by price sensitivity and uncertainties	XaaS use rising, but complexity and cost concerns remain	Advancements in emissions data systems, microgrids and blockchain continue, but integration and scalability remain issues
	Pessimistic	Policy implementation stalls, limited progress on renewable energy and carbon pricing, resistance to Society 5.0	A decline XaaS market, limited consumer interest and lack of financial incentives for businesses	XaaS adoption is slow, organizations and individuals prefer traditional methods	Slow technological advancements and integration challenges hinder the development of CTaaS ecosystem
2031–2040	Optimistic	Stricter regulations and incentives for carbon reduction, flourishing smart city initiatives	Exponential growth in XaaS market.	Mature and optimized CTaaS ecosystem, seamless integration of services, significant investments in carbon neutrality initiatives	Blockchain becomes ubiquitous, advanced models for carbon price forecasting and dynamics enable proactive risk management
	Neutral	Gradual increase in regulations and incentives for carbon reduction, steady progress in smart city initiatives	Moderate growth in XaaS market.	CTaaS ecosystem expands, but integration and optimization face hurdles, increased adoption, but some remain cautious	Advances in technology but does not reach its full potential
	Pessimistic	Policy progress stagnates, limited enforcement and lack of new incentives, setbacks in smart city initiatives	Slower adoption in XaaS market, limited consumer interest and unclear policy	CTaaS ecosystem struggles, limited adoption of new offerings, challenges in maintaining existing services	Slow technological advancements and integration challenges hinder development

Source(s): Authors’ own work