Table 1 Attributes defining the scale of...

Table 1

Attributes defining the scale of change

Attributes	First-level change	Second-level change
Organisational level of change	Workplace level	Organisational, inter-organisational¹ level
Level of change	Incremental	Radical
Starting point	Existing process	Clean slate
Frequency of change	Continuous	One-time
Time required for implementation	Short	Long
Dimension of change	One/few-dimensional	Multi-dimensional
Continuity of change	Improvements and developments in the same direction	Discontinuity, taking new directions
Shift in worldview/paradigm	Unchanged worldview/paradigm	New worldview/paradigm
Locus of participation	Bottom-up	Top-down
Primary enabler	Statistical control	Information technology
Scope of change	Changes in processes and people	Changes in processes, people, culture, and structure

Attributes	First-level change	Second-level change
Organisational level of change	Workplace level	Organisational, inter-organisational¹ level
Level of change	Incremental	Radical
Starting point	Existing process	Clean slate
Frequency of change	Continuous	One-time
Time required for implementation	Short	Long
Dimension of change	One/few-dimensional	Multi-dimensional
Continuity of change	Improvements and developments in the same direction	Discontinuity, taking new directions
Shift in worldview/paradigm	Unchanged worldview/paradigm	New worldview/paradigm
Locus of participation	Bottom-up	Top-down
Primary enabler	Statistical control	Information technology
Scope of change	Changes in processes and people	Changes in processes, people, culture, and structure

Note(s): ¹Changes at the inter-organisational level are beyond the scope of our research. Such changes would require a different approach to case selection, focusing on institutions that already had a certain level of inter-organisational ties before the crisis as a baseline for comparison. Therefore, this aspect is left for future research

Source(s): Nograšek and Vintar (2014)

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