Table 1

Definition of visual stability

Author(s) and yearJournalDefinition of visual stability
Pavlova et al. (2005) PerceptionA logo element placed along the horizontal axis is typically perceived as less stable when its left and right sides are asymmetrical, or when the top portion is visually heavier than the bottom (e.g. an inverted triangle)
Cholewiak et al. (2013) Journal of VisionThe perceived critical angle refers to the angle at which an object is judged to be equally likely to fall over versus return to its upright stable position
Cian et al. (2014) Journal of Marketing ResearchDeviations from the horizontal axis in logo orientation often result in unstable visual impressions
Cholewiak et al. (2015) Journal of VisionPhysically, stability is a function of both the width of an object’s base and the center of mass of an object
Rahinel and Nelson (2016) Journal of Consumer ResearchVisual stability was defined as the extent to which visual elements appear resistant to tipping over by imagined gravitational pull or perturbing external forces
Source(s): Authors’ own work

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