Table 3

Translation activities, practices and rules in the case of Bologna

PhaseTranslation activityPracticesRule
Modifying social sustainability for fan nurturing (2018–2020)ModifyingBologna FC replicated over time the existing social initiatives for youth and children without significant modifications between initiatives. KPI on the number of supporters. No reporting in placeCopying: The practices were directly copied without major changes, maintaining the original idea’s fidelity. Sustainability is seen as a strategy to keep the fan base
Modifying social initiatives in response to the pandemic (2020–2022)ModifyingExpanded CSR initiatives to include contributions to hospitals and local communities. KPI on the number of people attending initiatives. No reporting in placeAddition: New elements were added to the existing practices in response to the pandemic, modifying them to meet new needs. Sustainability becomes more linked to the local community
Transforming under regulatory pressure (2023-ongoing)TransformingIntroduced a sustainability manager and developed KPIs to comply with UEFA regulations. KPIs collected internally, but a reporting for the general public is still under developmentAlteration: The practices were significantly transformed to comply with regulatory pressure. It is first in this phase that reporting appears. It takes the form of a list of initiatives. initiatives

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