Table 4.

Potential risky activities performed by the students while using the smartphone

Potential risky activitiesNeverRarelySometimesFrequentlyAlwaysMean (SD)
Connect to public Wi-Fi networks without using a VPN75 (24.7)19 (6.3)67 (22)23 (7.6)120 (39.5)3.31 (1.618)
Download apps and files from unofficial sources (outside of official app stores)101 (33.2)28 (9.2)96 (31.6)20 (6.6)59 (19.4)2.7 (1.476)
Use public charging cables to charge smartphone102 (33.6)40 (13.2)99 (32.6)23 (7.6)40 (13.2)2.54 (1.366)
Share smartphone’s password or PIN with others205 (67.4)24 (7.9)45 (14.8)17 (5.6)13 (4.3)1.71 (1.163)
Click on links received from untrusted sources167 (54.9)33 (10.9)68 (22.4)17 (5.6)19 (6.3)1.97 (1.25)
Click on links in text messages and/or emails from unknown senders216 (71.1)29 (9.5)39 (12.8)9 (3)11 (3.6)1.59 (1.056)
Source(s): Table by authors

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