Table 3 Initial business model patterns...

Table 3

Initial business model patterns

Pattern groups	Included patterns
Group A–Governance Modes “Different customers, members of an energy-related organization, working together”	A-09 - Cooperative Utility A-23 - Local Aggregator A-27 - Municipal Utility A-34 - Prosumer
Group B–Demand Side Management “Change in consumption patterns to better match demand with supply”	B-02 - Ancillary Service Market Participation^a B-04 - Capacity Market Enabler B-21 - Load Reduction B-44 - Tailor-Made Retail Contracts B-47 - Value-Added Enabler
Group C–Energy Efficiency Solutions “Reduce the energy required for the provision of services of products”	C-08 - Comprehensive Energy Solution Providers C-26 - Municipal ESCo C-28 - Participation in Distributed Generation Markets
Group D–Energy Generation “Energy activities related to production and consumption”	D-18 - Green Energy Utility D-24 - Market Performance Enhancement D-32 - Power Plant Optimization D-45 - Third-Party Ownership (TPO)
Group E–Financing “Funding for energy projects”	E-01 - Access to Cross-Subsidies E-11 - Crowdfunding E-12 - Direct Finance Options E-13 - Energy Performance Contracts (EPC) E-16 - Enterprise Credit Facilities E-20 - Leasing E-22 - Loans
Group F–Energy Marketplace “Energy exchanging activities”	F-06 - Community Microgrid F-15 - Energy Savings Certificates (ESC) F-31 - Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading
Group G–Pricing Logic “How to set the price for the electric product/service”	G-03 - Bundling G-07 - Complementary Pricing G-10 - Cost-Based Pricing G-17 - Flat-Rate G-36 - Rising Block Tariffs G-46 - Time-of-Use Tariffs
Group H–Revenue Models “How to generate revenues from energy projects”	H-29 - Pay-as-you-go H-30 - Pay-per-Use H-33 - PPA (Power Purchase Agreement) H-37 - Shared-Savings H-41 - Space Rental H-49 - White Label Retailing
Group I–Storage Solutions “Energy storage technologies”	I-05 - Could Energy Storage I-19 - Large-Scale Energy Storage I-38 - Small-Scale Energy Storage I-42 - Storage Aggregator I-43 - Storage Auctioning
Group J–Technology Solutions “Informational energy systems based on IoT and big data”	J-14 - Energy Price Monitoring Systems J-25 - Microgrid J-35 - Prosumer Using Block Chain Systems J-39 - Smart Metering J-40 - Software Applications J-48 - Virtual Power Plant

Pattern groups	Included patterns
Group A–Governance Modes“Different customers, members of an energy-related organization, working together”	A-09 - Cooperative UtilityA-23 - Local AggregatorA-27 - Municipal UtilityA-34 - Prosumer
Group B–Demand Side Management“Change in consumption patterns to better match demand with supply”	B-02 - Ancillary Service Market Participation^aB-04 - Capacity Market EnablerB-21 - Load ReductionB-44 - Tailor-Made Retail ContractsB-47 - Value-Added Enabler
Group C–Energy Efficiency Solutions“Reduce the energy required for the provision of services of products”	C-08 - Comprehensive Energy Solution ProvidersC-26 - Municipal ESCoC-28 - Participation in Distributed Generation Markets
Group D–Energy Generation“Energy activities related to production and consumption”	D-18 - Green Energy UtilityD-24 - Market Performance EnhancementD-32 - Power Plant OptimizationD-45 - Third-Party Ownership (TPO)
Group E–Financing“Funding for energy projects”	E-01 - Access to Cross-SubsidiesE-11 - CrowdfundingE-12 - Direct Finance OptionsE-13 - Energy Performance Contracts (EPC)E-16 - Enterprise Credit FacilitiesE-20 - LeasingE-22 - Loans
Group F–Energy Marketplace“Energy exchanging activities”	F-06 - Community MicrogridF-15 - Energy Savings Certificates (ESC)F-31 - Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading
Group G–Pricing Logic“How to set the price for the electric product/service”	G-03 - BundlingG-07 - Complementary PricingG-10 - Cost-Based PricingG-17 - Flat-RateG-36 - Rising Block TariffsG-46 - Time-of-Use Tariffs
Group H–Revenue Models“How to generate revenues from energy projects”	H-29 - Pay-as-you-goH-30 - Pay-per-UseH-33 - PPA (Power Purchase Agreement)H-37 - Shared-SavingsH-41 - Space RentalH-49 - White Label Retailing
Group I–Storage Solutions“Energy storage technologies”	I-05 - Could Energy StorageI-19 - Large-Scale Energy StorageI-38 - Small-Scale Energy StorageI-42 - Storage AggregatorI-43 - Storage Auctioning
Group J–Technology Solutions“Informational energy systems based on IoT and big data”	J-14 - Energy Price Monitoring SystemsJ-25 - MicrogridJ-35 - Prosumer Using Block Chain SystemsJ-39 - Smart MeteringJ-40 - Software ApplicationsJ-48 - Virtual Power Plant

Note(s): The pattern names were formatted to be as concise as possible while remaining unique enough to highlight their key aspects

Note that the name of the pattern “Ancillary Service Market Participation” (P2) was adapted during the pattern development. The pattern is now called “Participation in Balancing and Ancillary Service Market”, as some ancillary services are used to balance energy.

Source(s): Authors' own work

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