Table 4 Positive impacts of the 49 lean... | Emerald Publishing

Table 4

Positive impacts of the 49 lean tools on sustainability pillars

Economic	Environment	Social
Cost Reduction Inventory Costs Production Costs Operational Costs Energy Costs Supply Chain Costs Quality Costs Waste Disposal Costs	Waste Material Waste Reduction Hazardous Material Waste Reduction Resource Use Optimisation Reuse and Recycle	Well-being and Satisfaction Improved Workplace Safety Reduced Job Stress Empowerment and Involvement Encouraging Teamwork and Collaboration Worker Motivation
Time efficiency Reduced Lead Time Reduced Cycle Time Decreased Setup Time Shorter Wait Times Improved On-Time Delivery Reduced Downtime Quicker Decision-Making	Pollution Lower Emissions Reduced Waste Production Energy Efficiency Cleaner Production	Health and Safety Ergonomic Workstations Safety Training Accident Reduction
Productivity Increased Output Enhanced Utilization of Resources Minimised Waste Improved Process Flow Optimised Workflows Better Space Utilization Increased Flexibility	Resource Use Energy Use Optimisation Equipment Upgrades Water Use Optimisation Water Recycling and Reuse	Training Skill Enhancement Career Development and Empowerment
Quality Reduction of Defects Continuous Improvement Process Reliability Improved Process Control Customer Focus
Inventory Reduced Inventory Levels Minimised Obsolescence Space Optimisation Pull Systems Supplier Collaboration
Profitability Revenue Growth Increased Productivity Improved Customer Satisfaction Enhanced Quality Faster Time-to-Market

Economic	Environment	Social
Cost Reduction Inventory Costs Production Costs Operational Costs Energy Costs Supply Chain Costs Quality Costs Waste Disposal Costs	Waste Material Waste Reduction Hazardous Material Waste Reduction Resource Use Optimisation Reuse and Recycle	Well-being and Satisfaction Improved Workplace Safety Reduced Job Stress Empowerment and Involvement Encouraging Teamwork and Collaboration Worker Motivation
Time efficiency Reduced Lead Time Reduced Cycle Time Decreased Setup Time Shorter Wait Times Improved On-Time Delivery Reduced Downtime Quicker Decision-Making	Pollution Lower Emissions Reduced Waste Production Energy Efficiency Cleaner Production	Health and Safety Ergonomic Workstations Safety Training Accident Reduction
Productivity Increased Output Enhanced Utilization of Resources Minimised Waste Improved Process Flow Optimised Workflows Better Space Utilization Increased Flexibility	Resource Use Energy Use Optimisation Equipment Upgrades Water Use Optimisation Water Recycling and Reuse	Training Skill Enhancement Career Development and Empowerment
Quality Reduction of Defects Continuous Improvement Process Reliability Improved Process Control Customer Focus
Inventory Reduced Inventory Levels Minimised Obsolescence Space Optimisation Pull Systems Supplier Collaboration
Profitability Revenue Growth Increased Productivity Improved Customer Satisfaction Enhanced Quality Faster Time-to-Market

Source(s): Authors’ own work