Table 1 Variables used in the hedonic...

Table 1

Variables used in the hedonic models

Variable	Acronym	Unit/level	Type	Description	Source
Dependent variable
Log of price/m²	ln(P/m²)	€/m²	Continuous	Logarithm of the unit price of each dwelling	Sales contract
Intrinsic variables
Property size	size	m²	Continuous	Total area of the dwelling, including garage*	Sales contract
EPC	epc	ABCD, E, F, G	Categorical	Energy performance class (EPC) of the dwelling, ranging from A4 to G (best to worst performing respectively). The best-performing EPCs (A4, A3, A2, A1, B, C and D) were grouped into one class, “ABCD”, and the worst-performing classes were kept separate	Sales contract
Building age	age	years	Continuous	Age of the dwelling, subtracting the year of construction from 2024	Sales contract
Building ageˆ2	age²	years	Continuous	Quadratic term of age
Dwelling type	type	0, 1, 2	Categorical	Different types of dwellings (categorical variable): (0) apartment, (1) house and (2) portion of house	Sales contract
Bathrooms	bathroom	count	Continuous	Number of bathrooms in each dwelling	Sales contract
Mediation	mediation	0, 1	Dummy	Dummy indicating whether the sale was mediated by a real estate agency (1) or not (0)	Sales contract
Extrinsic variables
Number of hotels (250 m radius)	hotel₂₅₀	count	Discrete	Number of hotels within a 250 m buffer around each dwelling**	Quick OSM plugin (QGIS)
Forest cover (250 m radius)	forest₂₅₀	%	Continuous	Percentage of buffer area of 250 m around each dwelling occupied with forest**	Geoportal of Veneto Region
Log of distance to ski lift	log_dist_ski_lift	m	Continuous	Distance to the nearest ski lift	QGIS
Log of distance to primary road	log_dist_primary_road	m	Continuous	Distance to the nearest primary road	Quick OSM plugin (QGIS)
Winter temperature	winter_T	°C	Continuous	Average of air temperature at 2 m from the ground for the months of December, January, and February of the last 5 years available (2018–2022)	ARPAV
Winter temperature (ˆ2)	winter_T²	°C	Continuous	Quadratic term of winter temperature

Variable	Acronym	Unit/level	Type	Description	Source
Dependent variable
Log of price/m²	ln(P/m²)	€/m²	Continuous	Logarithm of the unit price of each dwelling	Sales contract
Intrinsic variables
Property size	size	m²	Continuous	Total area of the dwelling, including garage*	Sales contract
EPC	epc	ABCD, E, F, G	Categorical	Energy performance class (EPC) of the dwelling, ranging from A4 to G (best to worst performing respectively). The best-performing EPCs (A4, A3, A2, A1, B, C and D) were grouped into one class, “ABCD”, and the worst-performing classes were kept separate	Sales contract
Building age	age	years	Continuous	Age of the dwelling, subtracting the year of construction from 2024	Sales contract
Building ageˆ2	age²	years	Continuous	Quadratic term of age
Dwelling type	type	0, 1, 2	Categorical	Different types of dwellings (categorical variable): (0) apartment, (1) house and (2) portion of house	Sales contract
Bathrooms	bathroom	count	Continuous	Number of bathrooms in each dwelling	Sales contract
Mediation	mediation	0, 1	Dummy	Dummy indicating whether the sale was mediated by a real estate agency (1) or not (0)	Sales contract
Extrinsic variables
Number of hotels (250 m radius)	hotel₂₅₀	count	Discrete	Number of hotels within a 250 m buffer around each dwelling**	Quick OSM plugin (QGIS)
Forest cover (250 m radius)	forest₂₅₀	%	Continuous	Percentage of buffer area of 250 m around each dwelling occupied with forest**	Geoportal of Veneto Region
Log of distance to ski lift	log_dist_ski_lift	m	Continuous	Distance to the nearest ski lift	QGIS
Log of distance to primary road	log_dist_primary_road	m	Continuous	Distance to the nearest primary road	Quick OSM plugin (QGIS)
Winter temperature	winter_T	°C	Continuous	Average of air temperature at 2 m from the ground for the months of December, January, and February of the last 5 years available (2018–2022)	ARPAV
Winter temperature (ˆ2)	winter_T²	°C	Continuous	Quadratic term of winter temperature

Note(s): ^*To account for the differing utility and quality of garage space compared to living accommodation, the property size was calculated using weighted surface areas. Specifically, living space was given a weight of 1.0, covered garages a weight of 0.5 and uncovered garages a weight of 0.1.

The selected 250 m buffer is not intended solely to represent pedestrian movement – as residents in the study area often rely on car transportation – but rather to characterize the immediate environmental context of each property

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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