SPAR-4-SLR protocols
| Stage | Sub-stage | Criterion | Action | Rationale(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assembling | Identification | Domain | Define the domain as SMFs in enterprise contexts, including commercial and mission-driven models | Ensures a focused yet inclusive scope by capturing diverse enterprise types, including social enterprises and non-profits |
| Research question | Frame questions around: What SMFs exist? How are they theorised and operationalised? Where are conceptual, contextual and methodological gaps? | Aligns review purpose with TCCM dimensions, enabling structured evaluation of frameworks across theory, context, construct and methodology | ||
| Source type | Include only peer-reviewed journal articles on enterprise-level SMFs; exclude grey literature and non-empirical publications | Guarantees academic rigour and relevance while avoiding unreliable or non-reviewed sources | ||
| Source quality | Select sources from Scopus, Web of Science, ABDC and CABS; exclude low-ranked, non-indexed and non-English language publications | Enhances credibility, replicability and quality assurance through top-tier indexing | ||
| Acquisition | Search mechanism and material acquisition | Use scholarly databases like Scopus, WOS, ScienceDirect, JSTOR, Wiley, Taylor and Francis, ProQuest and SAGE. | Enables reproducibility, transparency and breadth in identifying core literature | |
| Search period and keywords | Search from 1995 to 2024 using keywords | Ensures comprehensiveness while focusing on SDG-era relevance and sustainability evolution | ||
| Arranging | Organisation | Organising codes | Use TCCM framework to structure analysis—categorising by Theories (T), Contexts (C), Constructs/Characteristics (C), Methodologies (M) | Facilitates coherent comparison and cross-sectional synthesis of empirical and theoretical trends |
| Purification | Article type | Filter for articles explicitly focusing on enterprise-level SMFs; exclude those unrelated to sustainability in business or mission-driven settings | Sharpens focus and improves reliability by targeting high-relevance empirical and conceptual studies | |
| Assessing | Evaluation | Analysis method | Apply thematic analysis using open and axial coding; complement with bibliometric mapping and co-occurrence analysis of keywords and constructs | Balances interpretive depth with data-driven insights; identifies thematic saturation and theoretical convergence |
| Agenda proposal method | Identify gaps using the TCCM lens; recommend research on underrepresented contexts, inclusive theories and adaptive SMF models | Drives innovation by prioritising inclusive, locally grounded and multidimensional SMFs suited to SEs and non-profit enterprises | ||
| Reporting | Reporting convention | Report findings under TCCM domains: provide transparent coding structure, PRISMA flow and evidence-based synthesis | Promotes clarity, transparency and methodological rigour in literature review reporting |
| Stage | Sub-stage | Criterion | Action | Rationale(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assembling | Identification | Domain | Define the domain as SMFs in enterprise contexts, including commercial and mission-driven models | Ensures a focused yet inclusive scope by capturing diverse enterprise types, including social enterprises and non-profits |
| Research question | Frame questions around: What SMFs exist? How are they theorised and operationalised? Where are conceptual, contextual and methodological gaps? | Aligns review purpose with TCCM dimensions, enabling structured evaluation of frameworks across theory, context, construct and methodology | ||
| Source type | Include only peer-reviewed journal articles on enterprise-level SMFs; exclude grey literature and non-empirical publications | Guarantees academic rigour and relevance while avoiding unreliable or non-reviewed sources | ||
| Source quality | Select sources from Scopus, Web of Science, ABDC and CABS; exclude low-ranked, non-indexed and non-English language publications | Enhances credibility, replicability and quality assurance through top-tier indexing | ||
| Acquisition | Search mechanism and material acquisition | Use scholarly databases like Scopus, WOS, ScienceDirect, JSTOR, Wiley, Taylor and Francis, ProQuest and SAGE. | Enables reproducibility, transparency and breadth in identifying core literature | |
| Search period and keywords | Search from 1995 to 2024 using keywords | Ensures comprehensiveness while focusing on SDG-era relevance and sustainability evolution | ||
| Arranging | Organisation | Organising codes | Use TCCM framework to structure analysis—categorising by Theories (T), Contexts (C), Constructs/Characteristics (C), Methodologies (M) | Facilitates coherent comparison and cross-sectional synthesis of empirical and theoretical trends |
| Purification | Article type | Filter for articles explicitly focusing on enterprise-level SMFs; exclude those unrelated to sustainability in business or mission-driven settings | Sharpens focus and improves reliability by targeting high-relevance empirical and conceptual studies | |
| Assessing | Evaluation | Analysis method | Apply thematic analysis using open and axial coding; complement with bibliometric mapping and co-occurrence analysis of keywords and constructs | Balances interpretive depth with data-driven insights; identifies thematic saturation and theoretical convergence |
| Agenda proposal method | Identify gaps using the TCCM lens; recommend research on underrepresented contexts, inclusive theories and adaptive SMF models | Drives innovation by prioritising inclusive, locally grounded and multidimensional SMFs suited to SEs and non-profit enterprises | ||
| Reporting | Reporting convention | Report findings under TCCM domains: provide transparent coding structure, PRISMA flow and evidence-based synthesis | Promotes clarity, transparency and methodological rigour in literature review reporting |
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