Standardized structural estimates
| Path | Standardized estimates | Standardized errors | Critical ratios | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| H1a:Language similarity → Perceived friendship | 0.340 | 0.071 | 4.804** | Accepted |
| H1b:Interest similarity → Perceived friendship | 0.292 | 0.097 | 3.302** | Accepted |
| H1c:Interaction frequency → Perceived friendship | 0.066 | 0.117 | 0.776 | Rejected |
| H1d:Self-disclosure → Perceived friendship | 0.173 | 0.084 | 2.265* | Accepted |
| H2a:Language similarity → Psychological well-being | −0.057 | 0.064 | −0.757 | Rejected |
| H2b:Interest similarity → Psychological well-being | 0.449 | 0.092 | 4.494** | Accepted |
| H2c:Interaction frequency → Psychological well-being | −0.071 | 0.104 | −0.801 | Rejected |
| H2d:Self-disclosure → Psychological well-being | 0.302 | 0.076 | 3.654** | Accepted |
| H3a:Perceived friendship → Psychological well-being | 0.311 | 0.055 | 4.806** | Accepted |
| H3b:Perceived friendship → Social media engagement | 0.606 | 0.069 | 8.643** | Accepted |
| H3c:Perceived friendship → Purchase intention | −0.018 | 0.072 | −0.186 | Rejected |
| H4a:Psychological well-being → Social media engagement | 0.280 | 0.077 | 4.225** | Accepted |
| H4b:Psychological well-being → Purchase intention | 0.514 | 0.090 | 5.632** | Accepted |
| H5:Social media engagement → Purchase intention | 0.342 | 0.083 | 3.521** | Accepted |
| Path | Standardized estimates | Standardized errors | Critical ratios | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.340 | 0.071 | 4.804** | Accepted | |
| 0.292 | 0.097 | 3.302** | Accepted | |
| 0.066 | 0.117 | 0.776 | Rejected | |
| 0.173 | 0.084 | 2.265* | Accepted | |
| −0.057 | 0.064 | −0.757 | Rejected | |
| 0.449 | 0.092 | 4.494** | Accepted | |
| −0.071 | 0.104 | −0.801 | Rejected | |
| 0.302 | 0.076 | 3.654** | Accepted | |
| 0.311 | 0.055 | 4.806** | Accepted | |
| 0.606 | 0.069 | 8.643** | Accepted | |
| −0.018 | 0.072 | −0.186 | Rejected | |
| 0.280 | 0.077 | 4.225** | Accepted | |
| 0.514 | 0.090 | 5.632** | Accepted | |
| 0.342 | 0.083 | 3.521** | Accepted |
| Indirect path | Standardized estimates | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| Language similarity → Social media engagement | 0.220 | 0.001 |
| Interest similarity → Social media engagement | 0.329 | 0.004 |
| Self-disclosure → Social media engagement | 0.205 | 0.002 |
| Language similarity → Purchase intention | 0.094 | 0.149 |
| Interest similarity → Purchase intention | 0.385 | 0.005 |
| Self-disclosure → Purchase intention | 0.250 | 0.003 |
| Indirect path | Standardized estimates | |
|---|---|---|
| Language similarity → Social media engagement | 0.220 | 0.001 |
| Interest similarity → Social media engagement | 0.329 | 0.004 |
| Self-disclosure → Social media engagement | 0.205 | 0.002 |
| Language similarity → Purchase intention | 0.094 | 0.149 |
| Interest similarity → Purchase intention | 0.385 | 0.005 |
| Self-disclosure → Purchase intention | 0.250 | 0.003 |
| Endogenous variables | SMC |
|---|---|
| Perceived friendship | 0.641 |
| Psychological well-being | 0.765 |
| Social media engagement | 0.707 |
| Purchase intention | 0.619 |
| Endogenous variables | SMC |
|---|---|
| Perceived friendship | 0.641 |
| Psychological well-being | 0.765 |
| Social media engagement | 0.707 |
| Purchase intention | 0.619 |
Note(s): **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05
Source(s): Authors’ own work