Descriptive statistics for LOI–self frame proficiency results
| Frame | N | Mean | Median | Mode | Range | SD | Skewness | Kurtosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Structural | 147 (valid) 2 (missing) | 31.72** | 32.00 | 32.00 | 23.00 | 4.29 | −0.42 | 0.23 |
| Human Resource | 149 (valid) 0 (missing) | 34.07* | 34.00 | 32.00 | 15.00 | 3.54 | −0.16 | −0.55 |
| Political | 147 (valid) 2 (missing) | 29.51 | 30.00 | 31.00 | 22.00 | 4.35 | −0.23 | 0.07 |
| Symbolic | 148 (valid) 1 (missing) | 30.76 | 31.00 | 32.00 | 25.00 | 4.43 | −0.35 | 0.26 |
| Frame | Mean | Median | Mode | Range | Skewness | Kurtosis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Structural | 147 (valid) | 31.72** | 32.00 | 32.00 | 23.00 | 4.29 | −0.42 | 0.23 |
| Human Resource | 149 (valid) | 34.07* | 34.00 | 32.00 | 15.00 | 3.54 | −0.16 | −0.55 |
| Political | 147 (valid) | 29.51 | 30.00 | 31.00 | 22.00 | 4.35 | −0.23 | 0.07 |
| Symbolic | 148 (valid) | 30.76 | 31.00 | 32.00 | 25.00 | 4.43 | −0.35 | 0.26 |
Note(s): Data rounded to the nearest hundredth. A single asterisk (*) indicates frame proficiency ≥32. The double asterisk (**) indicates that the mean score nearly achieved statistical frame proficiency ≥32 according to Bolman (2021)