Descriptive statistics and indicators of convergent validity and internal consistency of the scales
| Factor | Mean, standard deviation, skew and kurtosis | Standardized loads, confidence interval and p-value | Individual reliability (R2), confidence interval and p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| First-order dimensions | |||
| Value co-creation with the hotel’s online media | |||
| Value co-creation with the hotel’s online media in the dreaming phase | CR = 0.85; AVE = 0.66 | ||
| VCHD1 | 5.54; 1.16; −0.67; 0.21 | 0.72 (0.68; 0.76)** | 0.52 (0.46; 0.57)** |
| VCHD2 | 5.49; 1.34; −0.95; 0.76 | 0.76 (0.72; 0.80)** | 0.58 (0.52; 0.64)** |
| VCHD3 | 5.49; 1.20; −0.89; 1.19 | 0.78 (0.74; 0.81)** | 0.60 (0.54; 0.65)** |
| Value co-creation with the hotel’s online media pre-visit | CR = 0.84; AVE = 0.64 | ||
| VCHPRE1 | 5.53; 1.21; −0.73; 0.30 | 0.76 (0.64; 0.78)** | 0.57 (0.50; 0.63)** |
| VCHPRE2 | 5.56; 1.19; −0.85; 0.84 | 0.72 (0.74; 0.83)** | 0.52 (0.43; 0.59)** |
| VCHPRE3 | 5.77; 1.04; −0.68; 0.41 | 0.75 (0.75; 0.83)** | 0.56 (0.49; 0.62)** |
| Value co-creation with the hotel’s online media during the visit | CR = 0.89; AVE = 0.73 | ||
| VCHV1 | 5.14; 1.44; −0.86; 0.57 | 0.73 (0.68; 0.77)** | 0.54 (0.47; 0.60)** |
| VCHV2 | 5.52; 1.21; −0.90; 1.01 | 0.83 (0.79; 0.86)** | 0.69 (0.63; 0.75)** |
| VCHV3 | 5.61; 1.24; −0.97; 1.12 | 0.83 (0.80; 0.87)** | 0.70 (0.64; 0.75)** |
| Value co-creation with the hotel’s online media post-visit | CR = 0.89; AVE = 0.72 | ||
| VCHPOST1 | 5.17; 1.48; −0.87; 0.44 | 0.81 (0.77; 0.84)** | 0.65 (0.59; 0.70)** |
| VCHPOST2 | 4.87; 1.62; −0.73; −0.09 | 0.80 (0.76; 0.84)** | 0.65 (0.58; 0.70)** |
| VCHPOST3 | 4.70; 1.70; −0.66; −0.36 | 0.79 (0.74; 0.83)** | 0.62 (0.54; 0.68)** |
| Value co-creation with travel websites | |||
| Value co-creation with travel websites in the dreaming phase | CR = 0.90; AVE = 0.76 | ||
| VCTWD1 | 5.50; 1.33; −1.07; 1.20 | 0.81 (0.78; 0.85)** | 0.66 (0.60; 0.72)** |
| VCTWD2 | 5.39; 1.42; −1.04; 0.92 | 0.82 (0.78; 0.85)** | 0.67 (0.61; 0.72)** |
| VCTWD3 | 5.36; 1.34; −0.88; 0.71 | 0.84 (0.80; 0.86)** | 0.70 (0.64; 0.74)** |
| Value co-creation with travel websites pre-visit | CR = 0.88; AVE = 0.71 | ||
| VCTWPRE1 | 5.54; 1.28; −0.97; 0.99 | 0.80 (0.76; 0.84)** | 0.64 (0.58; 0.70)** |
| VCTWPRE2 | 5.52; 1.29; −0.99; 1.00 | 0.73 (0.66; 0.77)** | 0.53 (0.44; 0.60)** |
| VCTWPRE3 | 5.53; 1.29; −1.04; 1.29 | 0.84 (0.81; 0.87)** | 0.70 (0.65; 0.75)** |
| Value co-creation with travel websites during the visit | CR = 0.93; AVE = 0.81 | ||
| VCTWV1 | 5.10; 1.50; −0.78; 0.24 | 0.81 (0.77; 0.84)** | 0.65 (0.60; 0.71)** |
| VCTWV2 | 5.34; 1.32; −0.84; 0.82 | 0.88 (0.85; 0.91)** | 0.78 (0.72; 0.83)** |
| VCTWV3 | 5.38; 1.33; −0.91; 0.86 | 0.89 (0.86; 0.91)** | 0.78 (0.74; 0.82)** |
| Value co-creation with travel websites post-visit | CR = 0.94; AVE = 0.84 | ||
| VCTWPOST1 | 4.98; 1.63; −0.83; 0.07 | 0.90 (0.88; 0.92)** | 0.81 (0.77; 0.85)** |
| VCTWPOST2 | 4.88; 1.72; −0.77; −0.21 | 0.90 (0.88; 0.92)** | 0.81 (0.77; 0.85)** |
| VCTWPOST3 | 4.72; 1.70; −0.64; −0.29 | 0.84 (0.81; 0.87)** | 0.71 (0.65; 0.76)** |
| CBE | |||
| Cognitive processing | CR = 0.89; AVE = 0.79 | ||
| COG1 | 5.32; 1.35; −0.88; 0.64 | 0.81 (0.76; 0.86)** | 0.66 (0.58; 0.73)** |
| COG2 | 5.39; 1.34; −0.86; 0.62 | 0.90 (0.86; 0.92)** | 0.80 (0.75; 0.84)** |
| Affect | CR = 0.90; AVE = 0.83 | ||
| AFF1 | 5.36; 1.30; −0.83; 0.65 | 0.88 (0.85; 0.91)** | 0.78 (0.73; 0.83)** |
| AFF2 | 5.34; 1.32; −0.86; 0.72 | 0.87 (0.83; 0.89)** | 0.75 (0.68; 0.80)** |
| Activation | CR = 0.89; AVE = 0.80 | ||
| ACT1 | 4.97; 1.54; −0.78; 0.11 | 0.84 (0.81; 0.87)** | 0.71 (0.65; 0.76)** |
| ACT2 | 4.95; 1.54; −0.77; 0.17 | 0.87 (0.82; 0.90)** | 0.75 (0.67; 0.81)** |
| Overall brand equity | CR = 0.94; AVE = 0.84 | ||
| OBE1 | 5.32; 1.28; −0.87; 0.97 | 0.84 (0.80; 0.86)** | 0.70 (0.63; 0.74)** |
| OBE2 | 5.22; 1.37; −0.77; 0.33 | 0.92 (0.90; 0.94)** | 0.85 (0.81; 0.89)** |
| OBE3 | 5.28; 1.37; −0.79; 0.44 | 0.88 (0.86; 0.91)** | 0.78 (0.73; 0.83)** |
| Second-order dimensions | |||
| Value co-creation with the hotel | CR = 0.94; AVE = 0.81 | ||
| Value co-creation with the hotel online media in the dreaming phase | 0.93 (0.89; 0.96)** | 0.86 (0.79; 0.92)** | |
| Value co-creation with the hotel online media pre-visit | 0.87 (0.80; 0.93)** | 0.76 (0.65; 0.86)** | |
| Value co-creation with the hotel online media during the visit | 0.94 (0.91; 0.96)** | 0.88 (0.82; 0.93)** | |
| Value co-creation with the hotel online media post-visit | 0.74 (0.68; 0.80)** | 0.55 (0.46; 0.64)** | |
| Value co-creation with travel websites | CR = 0.95; AVE = 0.83 | ||
| Value co-creation with travel websites in the dreaming phase | 0.95 (0.93; 0.97)** | 0.90 (0.86; 0.94)** | |
| Value co-creation with travel websites pre-visit | 0.90 (0.85; 0.93)** | 0.81 (0.72; 0.87)** | |
| Value co-creation with travel websites during the visit | 0.93 (0.90; 0.96)** | 0.87 (0.82; 0.92)** | |
| Value co-creation with travel websites post-visit | 0.74 (0.67; 0.79)** | 0.54 (0.45; 0.62)** | |
| CBE | CR = 0.96; AVE = 0.89 | ||
| Cognitive processing | 0.94 (0.91; 0.96)** | 0.88 (0.82; 0.93)** | |
| Affect | 0.95 (0.92; 0.97)** | 0.90 (0.85; 0.95)** | |
| Activation | 0.88 (0.85; 0.92)** | 0.78 (0.72; 0.85)** | |
| Factor | Mean, standard deviation, skew and kurtosis | Standardized loads, confidence interval and | Individual reliability ( |
|---|---|---|---|
| Value co-creation with the hotel’s online media | |||
| Value co-creation with the hotel’s online media in the dreaming phase | |||
| VCHD1 | 5.54; 1.16; −0.67; 0.21 | 0.72 (0.68; 0.76)** | 0.52 (0.46; 0.57)** |
| VCHD2 | 5.49; 1.34; −0.95; 0.76 | 0.76 (0.72; 0.80)** | 0.58 (0.52; 0.64)** |
| VCHD3 | 5.49; 1.20; −0.89; 1.19 | 0.78 (0.74; 0.81)** | 0.60 (0.54; 0.65)** |
| Value co-creation with the hotel’s online media pre-visit | |||
| VCHPRE1 | 5.53; 1.21; −0.73; 0.30 | 0.76 (0.64; 0.78)** | 0.57 (0.50; 0.63)** |
| VCHPRE2 | 5.56; 1.19; −0.85; 0.84 | 0.72 (0.74; 0.83)** | 0.52 (0.43; 0.59)** |
| VCHPRE3 | 5.77; 1.04; −0.68; 0.41 | 0.75 (0.75; 0.83)** | 0.56 (0.49; 0.62)** |
| Value co-creation with the hotel’s online media during the visit | |||
| VCHV1 | 5.14; 1.44; −0.86; 0.57 | 0.73 (0.68; 0.77)** | 0.54 (0.47; 0.60)** |
| VCHV2 | 5.52; 1.21; −0.90; 1.01 | 0.83 (0.79; 0.86)** | 0.69 (0.63; 0.75)** |
| VCHV3 | 5.61; 1.24; −0.97; 1.12 | 0.83 (0.80; 0.87)** | 0.70 (0.64; 0.75)** |
| Value co-creation with the hotel’s online media post-visit | |||
| VCHPOST1 | 5.17; 1.48; −0.87; 0.44 | 0.81 (0.77; 0.84)** | 0.65 (0.59; 0.70)** |
| VCHPOST2 | 4.87; 1.62; −0.73; −0.09 | 0.80 (0.76; 0.84)** | 0.65 (0.58; 0.70)** |
| VCHPOST3 | 4.70; 1.70; −0.66; −0.36 | 0.79 (0.74; 0.83)** | 0.62 (0.54; 0.68)** |
| Value co-creation with travel websites in the dreaming phase | |||
| VCTWD1 | 5.50; 1.33; −1.07; 1.20 | 0.81 (0.78; 0.85)** | 0.66 (0.60; 0.72)** |
| VCTWD2 | 5.39; 1.42; −1.04; 0.92 | 0.82 (0.78; 0.85)** | 0.67 (0.61; 0.72)** |
| VCTWD3 | 5.36; 1.34; −0.88; 0.71 | 0.84 (0.80; 0.86)** | 0.70 (0.64; 0.74)** |
| Value co-creation with travel websites pre-visit | |||
| VCTWPRE1 | 5.54; 1.28; −0.97; 0.99 | 0.80 (0.76; 0.84)** | 0.64 (0.58; 0.70)** |
| VCTWPRE2 | 5.52; 1.29; −0.99; 1.00 | 0.73 (0.66; 0.77)** | 0.53 (0.44; 0.60)** |
| VCTWPRE3 | 5.53; 1.29; −1.04; 1.29 | 0.84 (0.81; 0.87)** | 0.70 (0.65; 0.75)** |
| Value co-creation with travel websites during the visit | |||
| VCTWV1 | 5.10; 1.50; −0.78; 0.24 | 0.81 (0.77; 0.84)** | 0.65 (0.60; 0.71)** |
| VCTWV2 | 5.34; 1.32; −0.84; 0.82 | 0.88 (0.85; 0.91)** | 0.78 (0.72; 0.83)** |
| VCTWV3 | 5.38; 1.33; −0.91; 0.86 | 0.89 (0.86; 0.91)** | 0.78 (0.74; 0.82)** |
| Value co-creation with travel websites post-visit | |||
| VCTWPOST1 | 4.98; 1.63; −0.83; 0.07 | 0.90 (0.88; 0.92)** | 0.81 (0.77; 0.85)** |
| VCTWPOST2 | 4.88; 1.72; −0.77; −0.21 | 0.90 (0.88; 0.92)** | 0.81 (0.77; 0.85)** |
| VCTWPOST3 | 4.72; 1.70; −0.64; −0.29 | 0.84 (0.81; 0.87)** | 0.71 (0.65; 0.76)** |
| Cognitive processing | |||
| COG1 | 5.32; 1.35; −0.88; 0.64 | 0.81 (0.76; 0.86)** | 0.66 (0.58; 0.73)** |
| COG2 | 5.39; 1.34; −0.86; 0.62 | 0.90 (0.86; 0.92)** | 0.80 (0.75; 0.84)** |
| Affect | |||
| AFF1 | 5.36; 1.30; −0.83; 0.65 | 0.88 (0.85; 0.91)** | 0.78 (0.73; 0.83)** |
| AFF2 | 5.34; 1.32; −0.86; 0.72 | 0.87 (0.83; 0.89)** | 0.75 (0.68; 0.80)** |
| Activation | |||
| ACT1 | 4.97; 1.54; −0.78; 0.11 | 0.84 (0.81; 0.87)** | 0.71 (0.65; 0.76)** |
| ACT2 | 4.95; 1.54; −0.77; 0.17 | 0.87 (0.82; 0.90)** | 0.75 (0.67; 0.81)** |
| Overall | |||
| OBE1 | 5.32; 1.28; −0.87; 0.97 | 0.84 (0.80; 0.86)** | 0.70 (0.63; 0.74)** |
| OBE2 | 5.22; 1.37; −0.77; 0.33 | 0.92 (0.90; 0.94)** | 0.85 (0.81; 0.89)** |
| OBE3 | 5.28; 1.37; −0.79; 0.44 | 0.88 (0.86; 0.91)** | 0.78 (0.73; 0.83)** |
| Value co-creation with the hotel | |||
| Value co-creation with the hotel online media in the dreaming phase | 0.93 (0.89; 0.96)** | 0.86 (0.79; 0.92)** | |
| Value co-creation with the hotel online media pre-visit | 0.87 (0.80; 0.93)** | 0.76 (0.65; 0.86)** | |
| Value co-creation with the hotel online media during the visit | 0.94 (0.91; 0.96)** | 0.88 (0.82; 0.93)** | |
| Value co-creation with the hotel online media post-visit | 0.74 (0.68; 0.80)** | 0.55 (0.46; 0.64)** | |
| Value co-creation with travel websites | |||
| Value co-creation with travel websites in the dreaming phase | 0.95 (0.93; 0.97)** | 0.90 (0.86; 0.94)** | |
| Value co-creation with travel websites pre-visit | 0.90 (0.85; 0.93)** | 0.81 (0.72; 0.87)** | |
| Value co-creation with travel websites during the visit | 0.93 (0.90; 0.96)** | 0.87 (0.82; 0.92)** | |
| Value co-creation with travel websites post-visit | 0.74 (0.67; 0.79)** | 0.54 (0.45; 0.62)** | |
| Cognitive processing | 0.94 (0.91; 0.96)** | 0.88 (0.82; 0.93)** | |
| Affect | 0.95 (0.92; 0.97)** | 0.90 (0.85; 0.95)** | |
| Activation | 0.88 (0.85; 0.92)** | 0.78 (0.72; 0.85)** | |
CR = Composite reliability; AVE = Variance extracted; ** = p-value ≤ 0.01
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