Summary of research design
| Research questions | Survey data | Questions | Analysis | Justification for test selection |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RQ1 | Sustainability adopted practices by winery | Closed-ended (5 – predominantly adopted, 4 – started to adopt, 3 – considered but not yet implemented, 2 – considered but decided not to implement, 1 – never considered implementing) | Descriptive analysis Monte–Carlo resampling method Shapiro–Wilk’s test Friedman test Wilcoxon signed-rank test Multivariate analysis of variance (permutational MANOVA test) | A Monte–Carlo resampling method is implemented to overcome the difference in numerosity between practices proposed for each dimension, to properly compare the contribution to the total of each dimension The discrete nature of the data and normality assumption not met (Shapiro–Wilk’s test), led to the use of nonparametric methods Non-parametric tests for paired samples (Wilcoxon signed-rank test) are chosen to compare different variables when justified by the significance of the Friedman test A permutational MANOVA test (nonparametric) is performed to test a multivariate dependence of selected covariates on the chosen factors |
| Winery size | Open-ended | |||
| RQ2 | Winery’s opinion on sustainability | Open-ended Closed-ended (Likert scale: 1 – Not at all important to 5 – Very important) | Text analysis Descriptive analysis Regression analysis (Beta regression) Multivariate analysis of variance (permutational MANOVA test) | Text analysis is performed for the identification of patterns in open-ended word associations Regression analysis is performed to look for a possible dependence of sustainability practices adopted on some predictors. In particular, Beta regression is implemented, investigating the adoption of sustainability practices in terms of ratio between adopted and proposed practices (in general or for a specific dimension) To further investigate dependencies, some permutational MANOVA tests are performed, given the aforementioned reasons (see RQ1) |
| Sustainability adopted practices by winery | Closed-ended (5 – Predominantly adopted, 4 – Started to adopt, 3 – Considered but not yet implemented, 2 – Considered but decided not to implement, 1 – Never considered implementing) | |||
| Winery’s perceptions of consumer attention on winery responsibility on sustainability issues | Closed-ended (Likert scale: 1 – Not at all important to 5 – Very important) | |||
| Winery size | Open-ended | |||
| RQ3 | Barriers to adopting sustainability practices | Open-ended Closed-ended (Likert scale: 1 – Strongly disagree to 5 – Strongly agree) | Text analysis Descriptive analysis | Text analysis is performed for the identification of patterns in open-ended word associations |
| Research questions | Survey data | Questions | Analysis | Justification for test selection |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sustainability adopted practices by winery | Closed-ended (5 – predominantly adopted, 4 – started to adopt, 3 – considered but not yet implemented, 2 – considered but decided not to implement, 1 – never considered implementing) | Descriptive analysis Monte–Carlo resampling method Shapiro–Wilk’s test Friedman test Wilcoxon signed-rank test Multivariate analysis of variance (permutational | A Monte–Carlo resampling method is implemented to overcome the difference in numerosity between practices proposed for each dimension, to properly compare the contribution to the total of each dimension The discrete nature of the data and normality assumption not met (Shapiro–Wilk’s test), led to the use of nonparametric methods Non-parametric tests for paired samples (Wilcoxon signed-rank test) are chosen to compare different variables when justified by the significance of the Friedman test A permutational | |
| Winery size | Open-ended | |||
| Winery’s opinion on sustainability | Open-ended Closed-ended (Likert scale: 1 – Not at all important to 5 – Very important) | Text analysis Descriptive analysis Regression analysis (Beta regression) Multivariate analysis of variance (permutational | Text analysis is performed for the identification of patterns in open-ended word associations Regression analysis is performed to look for a possible dependence of sustainability practices adopted on some predictors. In particular, Beta regression is implemented, investigating the adoption of sustainability practices in terms of ratio between adopted and proposed practices (in general or for a specific dimension) To further investigate dependencies, some permutational | |
| Sustainability adopted practices by winery | Closed-ended (5 – Predominantly adopted, 4 – Started to adopt, 3 – Considered but not yet implemented, 2 – Considered but decided not to implement, 1 – Never considered implementing) | |||
| Winery’s perceptions of consumer attention on winery responsibility on sustainability issues | Closed-ended (Likert scale: 1 – Not at all important to 5 – Very important) | |||
| Winery size | Open-ended | |||
| Barriers to adopting sustainability practices | Open-ended Closed-ended (Likert scale: 1 – Strongly disagree to 5 – Strongly agree) | Text analysis Descriptive analysis | Text analysis is performed for the identification of patterns in open-ended word associations |
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