Table 1

Glossary of key concepts

ConceptDefinitionSource
Transformative Service Research (TSR)Service research that centers on creating uplifting changes in the well-being and reduction of suffering of consumers and employees, communities and the service ecosystemAnderson et al. (2011), Nasr and Fisk (2018) 
Actor disengagementActors' temporary or permanent removal of resource contributions from a focal engagement object, affecting value processes and outcomes for both the focal actor and other actors within the service ecosystemAlexander et al. (2018) 
Actor’s negative engagementActors’ intense and active intention to cause harm to the service provider, perhaps in response to perceived threats to the selfDo et al. (2019) 
Resource lossLoss of resources occurs when expected resources are not gained or the loss of resources is greater than expectedMengcheng and Tuure (2020), Leo and Zainuddin (2017) 
Resource mismatchThe unfit nature of available resources to mobilize and enable higher resource density and constructive interactionsMengcheng and Tuure (2020) 
Resource integrationA process consisting of activities to assemble, master and optimize resources, to plan and fine-tune usage events in real time, and to reflect on previous activitiesBruce et al. (2019) 
Resource misintegrationWhen actors access, adapt, combine and/or apply resources in ways contrary to their intended useLaud et al. (2019) 
Value co-creationConsumers' engagement in the process of defining and creating valuePrahalad and Ramawamy (2004) 
Value co-destructionAn interactional process between service systems that results in a decline in at least one of the system's well-being, which can be individual or organizational. This process can occur due to the misuse of resources, conflicting or incongruent resource integration practices, or the loss or lack of required resources. It is characterized by negative outcomes for at least one of the involved actorsLumivalo et al. (2023) 
Resource challenge equilibrium (RCE)A balance point between an individual's available resource pool and the challenges facedDodge et al. (2012), Chen et al. (2021), Finsterwalder and Kuppelwieser (2020a) 
Actor resource-challenge equilibrium (ARCE)A balance point is reached when actors reduce cognitive, psychological, physical and social challenges they face by integrating cognitive, psychological, physical and social resourcesChen et al. (2021) 
Community resource-challenge equilibrium (CRCE)A balance point is reached when the community reduces cognitive, psychological, physical and social challenges faced by integrating cognitive, psychological, physical and social resourcesFinsterwalder and Kuppelwieser (2020a) 
Subjective well-being (SWB)An individual actor's evaluation of their own quality of life, such as their happiness and life satisfactionRussell-Bennett et al. (2020), Dodge et al. (2012) 
Subjective ill-beingWhen an individual actor integrates resources in a manner that is detrimental to the challenges faced, resulting in an imbalanced RCESirgy (2017) 

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