Table 1.

Emphasis, application and purpose in the perspectives of ethical analysis of MFIs

EthicEmphasisApplicationNormative purpose
Deontological (duty)Emphasise actions driven by compliance with rules, regulations, standards…Focus on duties towards different groups of stakeholdersProvide guidelines for appropriate and inappropriate conduct (compliance)
Meet social and institutional expectations
Utilitarian (consequences)Emphasise the results achievedFocus on efficiency in relation to costs and benefitsProvide appropriate and inappropriate behaviour guidelines (compliance)
Meet utilitarian expectations of results
Humanist (virtue)Emphasise moral behaviour as a driving forceEmphasise the moral character of action, both collective and individualFocus on people’s well-being
Go beyond legal or regulatory requirements
Source(s): Compiled by the authors based on Chakrabarty and Erin Bass (2015) 

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