Table A1

Variable definitions

VariableDefinition
AFAn indicator variable, set to one if an analyst rating is available and zero otherwise
AGEThe number of years since the firm was first listed
APSThe adjustment between EPS and HEPS, calculated so that EPS = HEPS + APS
ARThe analyst rating for the firm if available
BETAA measure of risk, measured using up to 36 prior monthly returns as per LSEG Workspace
BPSBook value per share
DYDividend yield
EPSBasic earnings per share
ΔEPSThe change in EPS compared to the previous period
HEPSHeadline earnings per share
LEVTotal debt to total assets
LIQThe liquidity of shares traded during the reporting period calculated as the average monthly trading volume divided by the average number of shares outstanding
MAR12-month market-adjusted return, calculated as the total return of the firm relatively to the index return
MTBMarket-to-book ratio
NEGAn indicator variable, set to one if EPS is negative and zero otherwise
NOSHSTThe total percentage strategic shareholding from LSEG Workspace. NOSHST comprises the total shareholding of all parties (including management, institutional investors, other firms and individuals) who hold more than 5% of the shares in issue
OWNAn indicator variable, set to one if ownership concentration falls into a particular quintile based on NOSHST and zero otherwise
|OWN_AB|An indicator variable, set to one if abnormal ownership concentration falls into a particular quintile based on the absolute value of the residual from regressing model (3) and zero otherwise
OWN_ABAn indicator variable, set to one if abnormal ownership concentration falls into a particular quintile based on the residual from regressing model (3) and zero otherwise
pShare price, three months after reporting date, calculated by adjusting the share price at reporting date with a firm-specific total return index which allows for corporate actions
SIZEThe natural log of total assets
VOLThe standard deviation of daily share price returns over the reporting period

or Create an Account

Close Modal
Close Modal