Analysis of expert responses
| Statement | M | SD | Level |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fostering dialogue to promote critical thinking (Al-Deek & Al-Soud, 2024) | 4.11 | 0.84 | High |
| Universities prioritize repetition over creativity, restricting critical thinking (Jabali et al., 2024) | 3.95 | 0.93 | High |
| Open discussion platforms promote uncensored critical expression (Rombout, Schuitema, & Volman, 2024) | 3.84 | 1.11 | High |
| Encouraging independent research fosters intellectual autonomy (Al-Deek & Al-Soud, 2024) | 3.77 | 1.09 | High |
| Diverse educational programs expand students' cultural and social horizons (Fahim & Masouleh, 2012) | 3.62 | 0.36 | High |
| Academic freedom is restricted due to rote learning, which hampers critical thinking (Al Hila et al., 2017) | 3.53 | 1.08 | High |
| Higher education is limited to memorization rather than deep understanding (Hillman & Baydoun, 2018) | 3.44 | 1.06 | High |
| Professors' identities are shaped by an environment lacking in critical thinking (Jabali et al., 2024) | 3.31 | 0.18 | High |
| Universities must be free spaces that support critical thinking and expression (Jabali et al., 2024) | 3.36 | 0.28 | High |
| Policy reviews are essential to avoid practices that hinder critical thinking (Hillman & Baydoun, 2018) | 3.28 | 0.31 | High |
| Weighted Average | 3.62 | 1.91 | High |
| Fostering dialogue to promote critical thinking ( | 4.11 | 0.84 | High |
| Universities prioritize repetition over creativity, restricting critical thinking ( | 3.95 | 0.93 | High |
| Open discussion platforms promote uncensored critical expression ( | 3.84 | 1.11 | High |
| Encouraging independent research fosters intellectual autonomy ( | 3.77 | 1.09 | High |
| Diverse educational programs expand students' cultural and social horizons ( | 3.62 | 0.36 | High |
| Academic freedom is restricted due to rote learning, which hampers critical thinking ( | 3.53 | 1.08 | High |
| Higher education is limited to memorization rather than deep understanding ( | 3.44 | 1.06 | High |
| Professors' identities are shaped by an environment lacking in critical thinking ( | 3.31 | 0.18 | High |
| Universities must be free spaces that support critical thinking and expression ( | 3.36 | 0.28 | High |
| Policy reviews are essential to avoid practices that hinder critical thinking ( | 3.28 | 0.31 | High |
| 3.62 | 1.91 | High |
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