Table 3 Issues encountered with... | Emerald Publishing

Table 3

Issues encountered with generative AI tools

Sub-themes	Frequency of citation	Sample participant statements
Inaccuracies	8	“The majority of the time, the information provided through AI is incorrect” “The academic sources cited in AI-generated answers are usually incorrect. However, the information may be correct”
Over-Reliance	4	“For a serious student, using AI all the time can lead to heavy dependence on this technology which can affect my capacity to train myself on analyzing information according to my personal perspective and values” “It feels like using Google Maps. You feel lost without turning it on even when you drive in your neighborhood” “AI tends to deliver homogeneous responses to all users asking for the same thing. This can encourage people to produce a sort of generic outputs that have no originality or creativity”
Ethical concerns	3	“AI models may carry biases in their training data…we may unintentionally reproduce these biases in our assignments which raises ethical issues” “Even with this permissive policy, I still feel unclear boundaries between acceptable use and misconduct. It creates lots of confusion to me”

Sub-themes	Frequency of citation	Sample participant statements
Inaccuracies	8	“The majority of the time, the information provided through AI is incorrect”“The academic sources cited in AI-generated answers are usually incorrect. However, the information may be correct”
Over-Reliance	4	“For a serious student, using AI all the time can lead to heavy dependence on this technology which can affect my capacity to train myself on analyzing information according to my personal perspective and values”“It feels like using Google Maps. You feel lost without turning it on even when you drive in your neighborhood”“AI tends to deliver homogeneous responses to all users asking for the same thing. This can encourage people to produce a sort of generic outputs that have no originality or creativity”
Ethical concerns	3	“AI models may carry biases in their training data…we may unintentionally reproduce these biases in our assignments which raises ethical issues”“Even with this permissive policy, I still feel unclear boundaries between acceptable use and misconduct. It creates lots of confusion to me”

Source(s): Authors’ own work