Material properties used in simulations
| Properties | PP matrix | Rubber filler | Carbon fiber |
|---|---|---|---|
| Constitutive model | Small-strain isotropic elastic–plastic | Isotropic linear elastic | Engineering constants |
| E (MPa) | 1,700 | 30 | – |
| ν | 0.4 | 0.47 | – |
| E1 (MPa) | – | – | 135,000 |
| E2 (MPa) | – | – | 7,000 |
| G12 (MPa) | – | – | 4,000 |
| ν12 | – | – | 0.3 |
| Yield stress (Mpa) | [ 30, 33, 37 ] | – | – |
| Plastic strain | [ 0, 0.02, 0.05 ] | – | – |
| Properties | PP matrix | Rubber filler | Carbon fiber |
|---|---|---|---|
| Constitutive model | Small-strain isotropic elastic–plastic | Isotropic linear elastic | Engineering constants |
| 1,700 | 30 | – | |
| 0.4 | 0.47 | – | |
| – | – | 135,000 | |
| – | – | 7,000 | |
| – | – | 4,000 | |
| – | – | 0.3 | |
| Yield stress (Mpa) | [ 30, 33, 37 ] | – | – |
| Plastic strain | [ 0, 0.02, 0.05 ] | – | – |
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