Table 4 Approaches by subcategory –...

Table 4

Approaches by subcategory – barriers and challenges

Concept	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	Total
Quality and efficiency	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X		X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X		X	22
Cost control		X	X	X	X	X	X	X		X	X	X	X		X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	21
Process automation		X		X	X	X	X	X						X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	17
Resistance to change	X			X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X		X	X	X		X				17
Communication	X			X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X			X	X	X	X				X	X	X	X	17
New technologies – Digital transformation		X	X	X	X	X	X		X			X				X	X	X		X	X	X	X	X	16
Customized services		X		X		X	X	X		X	X		X	X	X	X					X	X	X		14
Interoperability						X	X	X							X		X				X	X		X	8
Customer loyalty						X	X	X			X								X						5
Downtime						X						X		X	X					X					5
Labor skills and globalization									X								X								2
Total criteria found/article	2	4	2	6	5	9	8	7	3	4	5	4	3	5	7	5	6	4	4	4	7	6	5	5

Source(s): The authors