Closing questionnaire (not all items were used in this paper)
| Question | Evaluation | Theoretical concept/empirical measurement tool | Branches and wording differences |
|---|---|---|---|
| Q1: How high did you find the incentive to take up the phisher’s offer (the person who wrote to you on Facebook)? | 5-point-Likert scale, 1 = no incentive; 5 = very high incentive | Situational awareness and personal preferences (risk, social) according to Coleman (1990) | none |
| Q2: How high did you perceive the risk of permanently losing your password by sharing it with the phisher? | 5-point-Likert scale, 1= no risk; 5 = very high risk | Situational awareness and personal preferences (risk, social) according to Coleman (1990) | none |
| Q3: I expect that the stranger will not/would not have take/took advantage of me | 5-point-Likert, 1= strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree | Expectations of the other person’s behaviour | Wording depends on the decision for or against password sharing |
| Q4: I believe I can/could have benefited from this exchange | 5-point-Likert scale, 1= strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree | Situational awareness and personal preferences (risk, social) according to Coleman (1990) | Wording depends on the decision for or against password sharing |
| Q5: The person who made me the offer seemed trustworthy to me | 5-point-Likert, 1= strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree | Conditions under which trust can be established according to Coleman (1990) | none |
| Q6: Why did the person (not) seem trustworthy to you? | Free text box | Conditions under which trust can be established according to Coleman (1990) | Wording according to the answer from Q5 |
| Q7: The situation in which the offer was made to me seemed trustworthy | 5-point-Likert scale, 1= strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree | Conditions under which trust can be established according to Coleman (1990) | none |
| Q8: Why did the situation (not) seem trustworthy to you? | Free text box | Conditions under which trust can be established according to Coleman (1990) | Wording according to the answer from Q7 |
| Q9: Did the conversation with the person on Facebook have any influence on you (not) sharing your password? | Free text box | Conditions under which trust can be established according to Coleman (1990) | Only for condition 2 (prior contacting of the person taking the trust) |
| Q10: I took/would take a risk by giving away my password | 5-point-Likert scale, 1= strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree | Awareness of taking a risk | Wording depends on the decision for or against password sharing |
| Q11: I expect to receive/have received the promised additional money | Binary (yes/no) | Social expectations and willingness to trust/distrust according to Falk and Kosfeld (2006) | none |
| Q12: I expect my trust to pay off/have paid off | 5-point-Likert scale, 1= strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree | Social expectations and willingness to trust/distrust according to Falk and Kosfeld (2006) | Wording depends on the decision for or against password sharing |
| Q13: How do you personally rate yourself: Are you generally a risk-taker, or do you try to avoid risk? | 7-point-Likert | Single-item scale for assessing risk tolerance by Beierlein et al. (2015). | none |
| Q14: How often do you use the Internet? | often/rarely/never | Risk exposure/frequency of use | none |
| Q15: How often do you use social networks (e.g. Twitter, Facebook and Snapchat)? | often/rarely/never | Risk exposure/frequency of use | none |
| Q16: I am familiar with the Internet and the social network I use | 5-point-Likert scale, 1= strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree | Perceived empowerment - how familiar subjects are with digital environment | none |
| Q17: I am confident that the Internet is safe | Yes/No/I don’t’ know | System trust according to Luhmann, adapted by Thiedeke (2004) for cyberspace | none |
| Q18: I am confident that the social network I use is secure | Yes/No/ I don’t’ know | System trust according to Luhmann, adapted by Thiedeke (2004) for cyberspace | none |
| Q19: Internet security is important to me in general | Binary (yes/no) | Personal security relevance | none |
| Q20: It is important to me to protect myself on the Internet | Binary (yes/no) | Personal security relevance | none |
| Q21: I find that the protective measures to guard yourself on the Internet are easy to apply | Binary (yes/no) | Perceived empowerment cybersecurity | none |
| Q22: I believe that there is no point in taking protective measures on the Internet | Binary (yes/no) | System trust according to Luhmann, adapted by Thiedeke (2004) for cyberspace | none |
| Q23: Why (not)? | Free text box | Specify the reasons | Wording according to the answer from Q22 |
| Q24: I do not feel safe on the Internet | Binary (yes/no) | System trust according to Luhmann, adapted by Thiedeke (2004) for cyberspace | none |
| Q25: I am worried about becoming a victim of a digital crime (e.g. identity theft, hacking, social engineering) | Binary (yes/no) | Fear of becoming a victim | none |
| Q26: I have been a victim of a digital crime in the past | Binary (yes/no) | Fear of becoming a victim | none |
| Q27: I think it is likely that I will be a victim of a digital crime (again) | Binary (yes/no) | Fear of becoming a victim | Wording according to the answer from Q26 |
| Q28: I limit my use of the Internet because of the dangers involved | Binary (yes/no) | Rejection or acceptance of the threat according to the technology acceptance model | Asked only when either Q24, Q25, Q26 or Q27 indicate that there are cybersecurity concerns |
| Q29: Please elaborate why | Free text box | Rejection or acceptance of the threat according to the technology acceptance model | Asked only if answer at Q28 is “Yes” |
| Q30: I limit my use of social media because of the dangers involved | Binary (yes/No) | Rejection or acceptance of the threat according to the technology acceptance model | Asked only when either Q24, Q25, Q26 or Q27 indicate that there are cybersecurity concerns |
| Q31: Please elaborate why | Free text box | Rejection or acceptance of the threat according to the technology acceptance model | Asked only if answer at Q30 is “Yes |
| Q32: I believe that it is difficult to commit a digital crime | 5-point-Likert, 1= strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree | Digital crime assessment | none |
| Q33: I believe that it is difficult to track and punish a digital crime | 5-point-Likert, 1= strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree | Digital crime assessment | none |
| Q34: I think that most people on the Internet do not want to harm me | 5-point-Likert, 1= strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree | Social and personal expectations | none |
| Q35: My friends are willing to take risks on the Internet | 5-point-Likert, 1= strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree | Risk behaviour of the social environment | none |
| Q36: In my social environment, security on the Internet is not a topic | 5-point-Likert, 1= strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree | Security awareness of the social environment | none |
| Q37: How old are you? | Integer numbers between 18 and 129 | Sociodemographics | none |
| Q38: Which gender do you feel you belong to? | Free text box | Sociodemographics | none |
| Question | Evaluation | Theoretical concept/empirical measurement tool | Branches and wording differences |
|---|---|---|---|
| Q1: How high did you find the incentive to take up the phisher’s offer (the person who wrote to you on Facebook)? | 5-point-Likert scale, 1 = no incentive; 5 = very high incentive | Situational awareness and personal preferences (risk, social) according to | none |
| Q2: How high did you perceive the risk of permanently losing your password by sharing it with the phisher? | 5-point-Likert scale, 1= no risk; 5 = very high risk | Situational awareness and personal preferences (risk, social) according to | none |
| Q3: I expect that the stranger will not/would not have take/took advantage of me | 5-point-Likert, 1= strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree | Expectations of the other person’s behaviour | Wording depends on the decision for or against password sharing |
| Q4: I believe I can/could have benefited from this exchange | 5-point-Likert scale, 1= strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree | Situational awareness and personal preferences (risk, social) according to | Wording depends on the decision for or against password sharing |
| Q5: The person who made me the offer seemed trustworthy to me | 5-point-Likert, 1= strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree | Conditions under which trust can be established according to | none |
| Q6: Why did the person (not) seem trustworthy to you? | Free text box | Conditions under which trust can be established according to | Wording according to the answer from Q5 |
| Q7: The situation in which the offer was made to me seemed trustworthy | 5-point-Likert scale, 1= strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree | Conditions under which trust can be established according to | none |
| Q8: Why did the situation (not) seem trustworthy to you? | Free text box | Conditions under which trust can be established according to | Wording according to the answer from Q7 |
| Q9: Did the conversation with the person on Facebook have any influence on you (not) sharing your password? | Free text box | Conditions under which trust can be established according to | Only for condition 2 (prior contacting of the person taking the trust) |
| Q10: I took/would take a risk by giving away my password | 5-point-Likert scale, 1= strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree | Awareness of taking a risk | Wording depends on the decision for or against password sharing |
| Q11: I expect to receive/have received the promised additional money | Binary (yes/no) | Social expectations and willingness to trust/distrust according to | none |
| Q12: I expect my trust to pay off/have paid off | 5-point-Likert scale, 1= strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree | Social expectations and willingness to trust/distrust according to | Wording depends on the decision for or against password sharing |
| Q13: How do you personally rate yourself: Are you generally a risk-taker, or do you try to avoid risk? | 7-point-Likert | Single-item scale for assessing risk tolerance by | none |
| Q14: How often do you use the Internet? | often/rarely/never | Risk exposure/frequency of use | none |
| Q15: How often do you use social networks (e.g. Twitter, Facebook and Snapchat)? | often/rarely/never | Risk exposure/frequency of use | none |
| Q16: I am familiar with the Internet and the social network I use | 5-point-Likert scale, 1= strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree | Perceived empowerment - how familiar subjects are with digital environment | none |
| Q17: I am confident that the Internet is safe | Yes/No/I don’t’ know | System trust according to Luhmann, adapted by | none |
| Q18: I am confident that the social network I use is secure | Yes/No/ I don’t’ know | System trust according to Luhmann, adapted by | none |
| Q19: Internet security is important to me in general | Binary (yes/no) | Personal security relevance | none |
| Q20: It is important to me to protect myself on the Internet | Binary (yes/no) | Personal security relevance | none |
| Q21: I find that the protective measures to guard yourself on the Internet are easy to apply | Binary (yes/no) | Perceived empowerment cybersecurity | none |
| Q22: I believe that there is no point in taking protective measures on the Internet | Binary (yes/no) | System trust according to Luhmann, adapted by | none |
| Q23: Why (not)? | Free text box | Specify the reasons | Wording according to the answer from Q22 |
| Q24: I do not feel safe on the Internet | Binary (yes/no) | System trust according to Luhmann, adapted by | none |
| Q25: I am worried about becoming a victim of a digital crime (e.g. identity theft, hacking, social engineering) | Binary (yes/no) | Fear of becoming a victim | none |
| Q26: I have been a victim of a digital crime in the past | Binary (yes/no) | Fear of becoming a victim | none |
| Q27: I think it is likely that I will be a victim of a digital crime (again) | Binary (yes/no) | Fear of becoming a victim | Wording according to the answer from Q26 |
| Q28: I limit my use of the Internet because of the dangers involved | Binary (yes/no) | Rejection or acceptance of the threat according to the technology acceptance model | Asked only when either Q24, Q25, Q26 or Q27 indicate that there are cybersecurity concerns |
| Q29: Please elaborate why | Free text box | Rejection or acceptance of the threat according to the technology acceptance model | Asked only if answer at Q28 is “Yes” |
| Q30: I limit my use of social media because of the dangers involved | Binary (yes/No) | Rejection or acceptance of the threat according to the technology acceptance model | Asked only when either Q24, Q25, Q26 or Q27 indicate that there are cybersecurity concerns |
| Q31: Please elaborate why | Free text box | Rejection or acceptance of the threat according to the technology acceptance model | Asked only if answer at Q30 is “Yes |
| Q32: I believe that it is difficult to commit a digital crime | 5-point-Likert, 1= strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree | Digital crime assessment | none |
| Q33: I believe that it is difficult to track and punish a digital crime | 5-point-Likert, 1= strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree | Digital crime assessment | none |
| Q34: I think that most people on the Internet do not want to harm me | 5-point-Likert, 1= strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree | Social and personal expectations | none |
| Q35: My friends are willing to take risks on the Internet | 5-point-Likert, 1= strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree | Risk behaviour of the social environment | none |
| Q36: In my social environment, security on the Internet is not a topic | 5-point-Likert, 1= strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree | Security awareness of the social environment | none |
| Q37: How old are you? | Integer numbers between 18 and 129 | Sociodemographics | none |
| Q38: Which gender do you feel you belong to? | Free text box | Sociodemographics | none |
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