Results of the sub-group analysis
| Hypothesis | k | r | 95% lower | 95% upper | p-value | t-value | Qb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2: Green IT/IS at Country’s level | ||||||||
| Panel 1 | High-level of GREEN IT/IS | 26 | 0.2966 | 0.2209 | 0.3689 | 0.000 | 7.38 | 15.63 |
| Low-level of GREEN IT/IS | 19 | 0.4603 | 0.3353 | 0.5693 | 0.000 | 6.55 | ||
| Green IT | ||||||||
| Panel 2 | High-level of GREEN IT/IS | 12 | 0.3176 | 0.1976 | 0.4283 | 0.000 | 5.01 | 7.98 |
| Low-level of GREEN IT/IS | 9 | 0.4645 | 0.2953 | 0.6054 | 0.000 | 4.96 | ||
| Green IS | ||||||||
| Panel 3 | High-level of GREEN IT/IS | 13 | 0.2798 | 0.1732 | 0.3800 | 0.000 | 5.01 | 2.38 |
| Low-level of GREEN IT/IS | 10 | 0.4559 | 0.2523 | 0.6208 | 0.000 | 4.12 | ||
| H3: Type of performance (Green IT/IS) | ||||||||
| Panel 1 | Environmental Performance | 22 | 0.4273 | 0.3091 | 0.5325 | 0.000 | 6.53 | 2.34 |
| Financial Performance | 10 | 0.3442 | 0.1772 | 0.4920 | 0.000 | 3.91 | ||
| Other types | 14 | 0.3130 | 0.2186 | 0.4016 | 0.000 | 6.24 | ||
| Green IT | ||||||||
| Panel 2 | Environmental Performance | 7 | 0.5283 | 0.3389 | 0.6766 | 0.000 | 4.90 | 4.03 |
| Financial Performance | 8 | 0.3301 | 0.1535 | 0.4862 | 0.000 | 3.57 | ||
| Other types | 7 | 0.3095 | 0.1962 | 0.4147 | 0.000 | 5.17 | ||
| Green IS | ||||||||
| Panel 3 | Environmental Performance | 14 | 0.3834 | 0.2096 | 0.5337 | 0.000 | 4.14 | 0.31 |
| Financial Performance | 2 | 0.3970 | −0.2487 | 0.7984 | 0.222 | 1.22 | ||
| Other types | 7 | 0.3201 | 0.1494 | 0.4722 | 0.000 | 3.59 | ||
| H4: Industry size (Green IT/IS) | ||||||||
| Panel 1 | Large | 21 | 0.3726 | 0.2743 | 0.4631 | 0.000 | 6.98 | 0.17 |
| SME | 18 | 0.3637 | 0.2342 | 0.4804 | 0.000 | 5.24 | ||
| Green IT | ||||||||
| Panel 2 | Large | 15 | 0.3625 | 0.2412 | 0.4727 | 0.000 | 5.57 | 17.41 |
| SMEs | 5 | 0.5444 | 0.3556 | 0.6904 | 0.000 | 5.02 | ||
| Green IS | ||||||||
| Panel 3 | Large | 6 | 0.3986 | 0.2135 | 0.5561 | 0.000 | 4.03 | 2.56 |
| SMEs | 12 | 0.2864 | 0.1117 | 0.4440 | 0.002 | 3.16 | ||
| Control variables | ||||||||
| Year | ||||||||
| After | 19 | 0.4600 | 0.3585 | 0.5507 | 0.000 | 7.98 | 4.88 | |
| Before | 27 | 0.3084 | 0.2145 | 0.3966 | 0.000 | 6.19 | ||
| Quality | ||||||||
| High | 27 | 0.3128 | 0.2208 | 0.3994 | 0.000 | 6.40 | 4.13 | |
| Low | 19 | 0.4554 | 0.3485 | 0.5506 | 0.000 | 7.54 | ||
| Hypothesis | k | r | 95% lower | 95% upper | Qb | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panel 1 | High-level of GREEN IT/IS | 26 | 0.2966 | 0.2209 | 0.3689 | 0.000 | 7.38 | 15.63 |
| Low-level of GREEN IT/IS | 19 | 0.4603 | 0.3353 | 0.5693 | 0.000 | 6.55 | ||
| Panel 2 | High-level of GREEN IT/IS | 12 | 0.3176 | 0.1976 | 0.4283 | 0.000 | 5.01 | 7.98 |
| Low-level of GREEN IT/IS | 9 | 0.4645 | 0.2953 | 0.6054 | 0.000 | 4.96 | ||
| Panel 3 | High-level of GREEN IT/IS | 13 | 0.2798 | 0.1732 | 0.3800 | 0.000 | 5.01 | 2.38 |
| Low-level of GREEN IT/IS | 10 | 0.4559 | 0.2523 | 0.6208 | 0.000 | 4.12 | ||
| Panel 1 | Environmental Performance | 22 | 0.4273 | 0.3091 | 0.5325 | 0.000 | 6.53 | 2.34 |
| Financial Performance | 10 | 0.3442 | 0.1772 | 0.4920 | 0.000 | 3.91 | ||
| Other types | 14 | 0.3130 | 0.2186 | 0.4016 | 0.000 | 6.24 | ||
| Panel 2 | Environmental Performance | 7 | 0.5283 | 0.3389 | 0.6766 | 0.000 | 4.90 | 4.03 |
| Financial Performance | 8 | 0.3301 | 0.1535 | 0.4862 | 0.000 | 3.57 | ||
| Other types | 7 | 0.3095 | 0.1962 | 0.4147 | 0.000 | 5.17 | ||
| Panel 3 | Environmental Performance | 14 | 0.3834 | 0.2096 | 0.5337 | 0.000 | 4.14 | 0.31 |
| Financial Performance | 2 | 0.3970 | −0.2487 | 0.7984 | 0.222 | 1.22 | ||
| Other types | 7 | 0.3201 | 0.1494 | 0.4722 | 0.000 | 3.59 | ||
| Panel 1 | Large | 21 | 0.3726 | 0.2743 | 0.4631 | 0.000 | 6.98 | 0.17 |
| SME | 18 | 0.3637 | 0.2342 | 0.4804 | 0.000 | 5.24 | ||
| Panel 2 | Large | 15 | 0.3625 | 0.2412 | 0.4727 | 0.000 | 5.57 | 17.41 |
| SMEs | 5 | 0.5444 | 0.3556 | 0.6904 | 0.000 | 5.02 | ||
| Panel 3 | Large | 6 | 0.3986 | 0.2135 | 0.5561 | 0.000 | 4.03 | 2.56 |
| SMEs | 12 | 0.2864 | 0.1117 | 0.4440 | 0.002 | 3.16 | ||
| After | 19 | 0.4600 | 0.3585 | 0.5507 | 0.000 | 7.98 | 4.88 | |
| Before | 27 | 0.3084 | 0.2145 | 0.3966 | 0.000 | 6.19 | ||
| High | 27 | 0.3128 | 0.2208 | 0.3994 | 0.000 | 6.40 | 4.13 | |
| Low | 19 | 0.4554 | 0.3485 | 0.5506 | 0.000 | 7.54 | ||
Note(s): Significance level: *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01
Source(s): Table by author
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