Table 8

Robustness regression results across different time periods

VariablesAbToneAbToneAbTone
2007–20132014–20192020–2022
(1)(2)(3)
ET4.5578***6.8786***−0.8306
(2.604)(6.018)(−0.799)
ControlsYesYesYes
Year FEYesYesYes
Industry FEYesYesYes
Constant0.7938−0.7143−0.3124
(1.234)(−1.244)(−0.764)
Observations10,46015,33710,319
Adjusted R20.04760.03740.0470

Note(s): This table reports the regression results after dividing the full sample into three sub-periods: 2007–2013, 2014–2019 and 2020–2022. Column (1) presents the results for 2007–2013, column (2) for 2014–2019 and column (3) for 2020–2022. The t-statistics reported in parentheses are based on standard errors clustered by firm. ***, ** and * indicate significance at the 1%, 5% and 10% levels, respectively. Variable definitions are provided in Table 1 

Source(s): Table by authors

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