| Wu and Yu (2024) | Investigate the impact of AI chatbots on students’ learning outcomes | Students in educational settings | Meta-analysis | Academic databases, journals | Effects of AI chatbots on learning outcomes | 24 |
| Chiu (2024) | Explore the impact of generative AI on higher education | Students in undergraduate and postgraduate programs | Systematic literature review | ERIC, ProQuest, Web of Science, SCOPUS | AI-based tools in education | 92 |
| Park and Doo (2024) | Synthesize research on AI applications in blended learning | AI applications in blended learning studies | Systematic literature review | Databases (not specified) | AI applications in blended learning | 30 |
| Ansari et al. (2023) | Explore the global evidence of ChatGPT use in higher education | Studies on ChatGPT in education | Systematic scoping review | ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed and others | Empirical and nonempirical studies | 69 |
| Wang et al. (2024) | Explore AI technologies in classroom discourse | Studies on AI in educational discourse | Systematic review | SCI-E, SSCI, Webweb of Science, conferences | Classroom discourse with AI technologies | 68 |
| Baber et al. (2023) | Investigate research on ChatGPT and its trends | Articles on ChatGPT | Systematic literature review | Scopus, Google Scholar | Bibliometric analysis and literature review | 328 (34 for in-depth review) |
| Preiksaitis and Rose (2023) | Explore generative AI in medical education | Individuals in medical education | Scoping review | PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar | Opinion pieces and original research | 41 |
| Imran and Almusharraf (2023) | Explore ChatGPT as a writing assistant in higher education | Academic and scientific writers | Systematic review | Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Web of Science | AI tools for writing tasks | 30 |
| Bahroun et al. (2023) | Analyze the integration of Gen-AI into education | Researchers, educators, policymakers | Systematic literature review | Scopus | Various research articles and publications | 217 |
| Fahd et al. (2022) | A systematic analysis of research that applied machine learning in higher education, with a focus on student performance, at-risk student identification and attrition prediction | Researchers, educators, policymakers and stakeholders involved in the field of higher education and artificial intelligence | Systematic review and a meta-analysis | Academic databases, journals, conference proceedings and relevant publications in the field of artificial intelligence in higher education | A combination of primary studies, systematic reviews and possibly meta-analyses related to the applications of AI in higher education | 89 |
| Chen et al. (2020) | To assess the impact of artificial intelligence on education, specifically focusing on its effects on administration, instruction and learning | Educational institutions | Qualitative research design, incorporating qualitative content and thematic analysis | EBSCOhost, ProQuest, Web of Science and Google Scholar | Journal articles, professional publications and government and institutional reports | 30 |
| Vargas-Murillo et al. (2023) | To investigate the impact of ChatGPT in higher education by exploring its applications, risks, challenges and overall effects on teaching and learning outcomes | Anyone interested in the integration of AI like ChatGPT in education | Structured systematic literature review | Scopus, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, IEEE Xplore, and ACM Digital Library | Studies discussing ChatGPT use in education focusing on its applications, risks, challenges, opportunities and overall impact on teaching and learning | 16 (Scopus: 5, ScienceDirect: 4, ProQuest: 4, IEEE Xplore: 2, ACM Digital Library: 1) |
| Lo et al. (2024) | To synthesize existing research on ChatGPT’s impact on student engagement | University and K-12 students | Systematic review | Academic Search Ultimate, Education Research Complete, ERIC, Scopus, Web of Science | Empirical studies, systematic reviews | 72 |
| Song and Wang (2020) | To perform a bibliometric analysis of the global development of educational AI research over the past 20 years, examining trends, cooperation and evolution in the field | Researchers and academics in the field of educational AI | Bibliometric review | Scopus database | Research articles on educational AI | 8,660 |
| Chen et al. (2024) | To systematically explore the current state of research in AIGC’s educational application | Educators, researchers and policymakers | Systematic literature review | EBSCO, Ei Compendex, Scopus, Web of Science | Original research, review articles, editorials, perspectives, letters, notes | 134 |
| Chen et al. (2022) | To analyze the growth and trends of AI in education | Researchers and educators | Bibliometric review | Web of Science, Scopus, ERIC, ICAIED, IJAIED | Research articles, conference papers | 4,519 |
| Chaka, C. (2023) | To review applications, prospects and challenges of AI, robotics and blockchain in HEIs between 2013 and 2019 | Higher education institutions (HEIs) | Systematic review | Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, ERIC, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Scopus, ResearchGate, Academia.edu | Quasi-experimental, overview, exploratory mixed-methods, pilot, multiple descriptive case, implementation, quantitative single-case, prospective comparative studies | 26 |
| Zawacki-Richter et al. (2019) | Provide an overview of research on AI applications in higher education and explore the involvement of educators. Analyze how AI is conceptualized and address the ethical implications and challenges | Educators and researchers in higher education | Systematic review | EBSCO Education Source, Web of Science, Scopus | Empirical and descriptive studies | 146 |
| Sapci and Sapci (2020) | To evaluate the current state of AI training and use of AI tools in medical and health informatics education, enhancing the learning experience and assessing AI education practices | Medical and health informatics students and educators | Systematic review | PubMed, IEEE Xplore, CINAHL Plus, ScienceDirect, ProQuest Central | Peer-reviewed research articles, review papers, conference papers | 26 |
| Park and Doo (2024) | To synthesize research findings on AI applications in blended learning | K-12, higher education, teacher education, lifelong learning | Systematic literature review | Various academic databases (not specified) | Empirical studies focusing on AI in blended learning | 30 |
| Cheung et al. (2024) | To explore the epistemic insights into the relationships between science and AI in education | K-12 students | Systematic review | Web of Science, Scopus, ERIC | Research articles, book chapters and peer-reviewed articles | 15 |
| Ivanova et al. (2024) | To conduct a bibliometric analysis of scientific production in AI in teaching | Researchers and educators | Bibliometric analysis | Scopus, Web of Science | Articles related to AI in teaching | 6,010 (Scopus), 500 (WoS) |