| Chan (2023) | Investigate perceptions of ChatGPT in higher education | Insights on planning AI policies for teaching and learning | Informed policy and institutional support | Survey and thematic analysis based on UNESCO’s recommendations | Survey design with quantitative and qualitative data | Enhances creativity and innovation by automating tasks and facilitating content creation |
| Lozano and Blanco Fontao (2023) | Evaluate perceptions of ChatGPT use in education | Potential for enhancing the teaching-learning process | Technological and literacy needs in AI use | Nonexperimental descriptive cross-sectional design | Questionnaire and Delphi method | Fosters creativity and offers new opportunities for personalized learning |
| Pack and Maloney (2023) | To explore how generative AI tools like ChatGPT can assist language education researchers | Demonstrates various uses of ChatGPT in research processes, from compiling information to assisting in research design and data analysis. Discusses ethical considerations | Further work on best practices and ethical guidelines for using AI in language education research | Complex dynamic systems theory in language education and motivation | Case demonstrations of ChatGPT usage | AI tools like ChatGPT can streamline research processes, though ethical considerations are crucial |
| Walczak and Cellary (2023) | To examine the challenges and potential of AI in higher education | Highlights AI’s potential in transforming higher education through enhanced learning experiences and personalized education. Discusses challenges like authorship, originality and detecting AI-generated content | Investigate further into the ethical implications and practical applications of AI in higher education | Not explicitly stated | Survey and literature review | AI can enhance creativity in education but raises issues of originality and authorship that need addressing |
| Kohnke (2024) | To understand AI’s role in enhancing educational practices and outcomes | Identifies AI tools’ effectiveness in providing personalized feedback and supporting educators in curriculum development. Discusses the integration of AI in teaching and its impact on student engagement and learning outcomes | Explore AI’s long-term impact on student learning and teacher practices | Technology acceptance model (TAM) | Mixed-methods including surveys and case studies | AI supports creative teaching methods and personalized learning experiences, boosting educational outcomes |
| Wang et al. (2023) | To assess ChatGPT’s feedback accuracy in argumentation teaching | Finds ChatGPT’s feedback accuracy affected by argument length and number of discourse markers. Suggests combining AI feedback with human oversight for more comprehensive feedback | Develop automated feedback tools tailored for specific educational contexts and needs | Discourse theory, feedback theory and argumentation theory | Experimental analysis of ChatGPT feedback | AI can provide meaningful feedback but requires human oversight to ensure accuracy and relevance, enhancing the feedback process |
| Rodríguez (2023) | To evaluate the effectiveness of AI-driven educational technologies in academic settings | Discusses AI’s role in improving academic integrity through plagiarism detection and personalized learning aids. Highlights the need for ethical guidelines and best practices in AI application | Investigate AI’s broader impact on academic integrity and educational fairness | Active learning approaches, project-based learning, cooperative learning and problem-based learning | Literature review and analysis | AI-driven tools enhance educational integrity and support innovation but require ethical frameworks to manage potential misuse |
| Yildiz (2023) | To explore AI’s role in fostering creativity and innovation in educational environments | Highlights AI’s potential in facilitating creative problem-solving and innovative teaching practices. Discusses the balance between AI assistance and human creativity | Further research on AI’s role in diverse educational settings and its impact on different subjects | Nation’s multidimensional aspects of vocabulary knowledge | Case studies and surveys | AI fosters creativity by providing diverse perspectives and innovative solutions, enhancing both teaching and learning experiences |