Table I

Literature review summary

Research themes and issuesAreas of focusAuthorsYear
Caribbean contextHistorical development of Caribbean HE systemsGreen2016 
 Birth of HE institutions in Anglophone Caribbean  
    
 Impact of globalization – redefining role in age of technology and changeCraig2017 
 Role, mandate and objectives of regional university – UWIGreen2016 
 Initiatives to infuse mobile technology at university level  
  World Bank-Caribbean Mobile Innovation Project2014 
Mobile phone usage patternsCaribbean Countries (English and non-English-speaking)Martiz
Horst
2015
2006 
 Physical, social and cultural factorsHorst et al.2005 
 Developing world (Asia, Latin America and African Continent)Ahmed and Kabir
Duncombe
2018
2016 
 Socio-economic and cultural factorsSey and Ortoleva2014 
  Mtebe and Raisamo2014 
  North et al.2014 
  Sey et al.2013 
  Donner2009 
  Donner and Escobari2009 
  Duncombe and Boateng2009 
  Donner and Tellez2008 
Constraints to greater mobile phone use in developing countriesSocio-economicNye2015 
 Cost, affordability, connectivity and infrastructural supportWest2015 
  Thomas et al.2013 
  Galperin and Ruzzier2011 
    
 Digital divideSoo Ting2016 
 Non-access to higher levels of innovative mobile learning tools in learningWest2015 
  Waycott et al.2010 
 Institutional and cultural issuesLwoga and Sangeda2019 
 Readiness of implementation, policy coordination, resistance, engagementZagami et al.2018 
  Blair and Inniss2014 
  Wallet and Melgar2014 

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