Table 2 Descriptive statistics and...

Table 2

Descriptive statistics and two-sample mean comparison test between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan sub-samples

Variables	Full sample (N = 511)				Uzbekistan (N = 256)		Kazakhstan (N = 255)		Diff
Variables	Mean	SD	Min	Max	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Diff
SFA production function
Age of the respondents (years)	45.37	11.86	21	79	43.51	10.17	47.23	13.10	−3.71***
Education of the farmers (years)	5.76	1.69	1	8	6.02	1.58	5.50	1.76	0.52***
Cotton area in hectares (ha)	15.87	14.65	1	100	20.64	15.14	11.08	12.45	9.55***
Female labour (number)	0.77	3.46	0	50	0.24	1.42	1.30	4.64	−1.06***
Total labour (number)	6.57	9.03	1	150	6.81	3.51	6.33	12.30	0.47
Nitrogen fertiliser costs/ha (USD)	84.80	104.79	0	976.34	105.17	134.42	64.34	55.42	40.82***
Phosphorus costs/ha (USD)	26.91	37.38	0	367.31	44.32	36.87	9.42	28.78	34.89***
Potassium costs/ha (USD)	3.57	11.22	0	138.37	4.93	8.60	2.19	13.23	2.73**
Total NPK costs/ha (USD)^a	115.28	113.11	1.02	976.34	154.43	134.67	75.97	66.23	78.45***
Machinery costs/ha (USD)	191.70	363.73	0.04	2702.70	71.85	70.33	312.01	481.32	−240.16***
Oil costs/ha (USD)	47.51	36.07	1.37	405.40	50.34	19.33	44.68	47.12	5.66*
Cotton revenue/ha (USD)	975.39	388.86	21.87	4,000	925.86	295.93	1025.13	459.06	−99.25**
Inefficiency model
Farm distance from dwelling (km)	5.76	5.80	0	40	5.48	6.23	6.04	5.32	−0.56
Simpson diversity index	0.32	0.22	0	0.66	0.46	0.08	0.18	0.22	0.28***
Soil quality (fertile = 1; otherwise = 0)	0.48	0.44	0	1	0.57	0.41	0.39	0.45	0.18***
Agronomic information received from farmers' union (yes = 1; no = 0)	0.49	0.50	0	1	0.72	0.44	0.25	0.43	0.47***
Farm location to water source head (close = 1; otherwise = 0)	0.24	0.42	0	1	0.24	0.43	0.23	0.42	0.006
Farmer used cotton combine (yes = 1; no = 0)	0.27	0.44	0	1	n.a.	n.a.	0.54	0.49	n.a.

Variables	Full sample (N = 511)				Uzbekistan (N = 256)		Kazakhstan (N = 255)		Diff
Variables	Mean	SD	Min	Max	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Diff
SFA production function
Age of the respondents (years)	45.37	11.86	21	79	43.51	10.17	47.23	13.10	−3.71***
Education of the farmers (years)	5.76	1.69	1	8	6.02	1.58	5.50	1.76	0.52***
Cotton area in hectares (ha)	15.87	14.65	1	100	20.64	15.14	11.08	12.45	9.55***
Female labour (number)	0.77	3.46	0	50	0.24	1.42	1.30	4.64	−1.06***
Total labour (number)	6.57	9.03	1	150	6.81	3.51	6.33	12.30	0.47
Nitrogen fertiliser costs/ha (USD)	84.80	104.79	0	976.34	105.17	134.42	64.34	55.42	40.82***
Phosphorus costs/ha (USD)	26.91	37.38	0	367.31	44.32	36.87	9.42	28.78	34.89***
Potassium costs/ha (USD)	3.57	11.22	0	138.37	4.93	8.60	2.19	13.23	2.73**
Total NPK costs/ha (USD)^a	115.28	113.11	1.02	976.34	154.43	134.67	75.97	66.23	78.45***
Machinery costs/ha (USD)	191.70	363.73	0.04	2702.70	71.85	70.33	312.01	481.32	−240.16***
Oil costs/ha (USD)	47.51	36.07	1.37	405.40	50.34	19.33	44.68	47.12	5.66*
Cotton revenue/ha (USD)	975.39	388.86	21.87	4,000	925.86	295.93	1025.13	459.06	−99.25**
Inefficiency model
Farm distance from dwelling (km)	5.76	5.80	0	40	5.48	6.23	6.04	5.32	−0.56
Simpson diversity index	0.32	0.22	0	0.66	0.46	0.08	0.18	0.22	0.28***
Soil quality (fertile = 1; otherwise = 0)	0.48	0.44	0	1	0.57	0.41	0.39	0.45	0.18***
Agronomic information received from farmers' union (yes = 1; no = 0)	0.49	0.50	0	1	0.72	0.44	0.25	0.43	0.47***
Farm location to water source head (close = 1; otherwise = 0)	0.24	0.42	0	1	0.24	0.43	0.23	0.42	0.006
Farmer used cotton combine (yes = 1; no = 0)	0.27	0.44	0	1	n.a.	n.a.	0.54	0.49	n.a.

Note(s): The level of significance is ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1

^aAggregate costs of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilisers

Source(s): Table created by authors

Sharing Unavailable