Table A1 SFA estimates of Kazakhstan...

Table A1

SFA estimates of Kazakhstan cotton farmers (N = 255)

Frontier	Coef.TLi	Std.Err.	Coef.TL	Std.Err.	Coef.CDi	Std.Err.	Coef.CD	Std.Err.
Ln cotton area	−0.298	0.289	−0.410	0.317	0.029	0.034	0.022	0.035
Ln labour	−0.018	0.211	0.050	0.226	−0.082***	0.028	−0.077***	0.029
Ln oil costs/ha	−0.265	0.204	−0.435**	0.214	0.037	0.026	0.028	0.028
Ln machine costs/ha	0.079	0.145	0.169	0.143	−0.019	0.016	−0.016	0.017
Ln fertiliser costs NPK/ha	0.332	0.226	0.435**	0.227	0.150***	0.037	0.163***	0.039
Soil quality (fertility)	0.255***	0.059	0.223***	0.061	0.257***	0.058	0.232***	0.060
Ln area sq	0.008	0.063	0.051	0.068
Ln labour sq	0.001	0.047	−0.018	0.049
Ln oil costs/ha sq	0.013	0.037	0.034	0.042
Ln machine costs/ha sq	0.001	0.012	−0.008	0.011
Ln fertiliser costs NPK/ha sq	−0.104*	0.061	−0.128**	0.062
Ln area*lab	0.014	0.033	0.008	0.035
Ln area*oil	0.093**	0.037	0.106**	0.044
Ln area*mach	−0.043*	0.024	−0.046*	0.026
Ln area*ferti	0.049	0.049	0.044	0.050
Ln lab*oil	−0.028	0.032	−0.027	0.035
Ln lab*mach	0.021	0.019	0.014	0.018
Ln lab*ferti	−0.023	0.046	−0.019	0.048
Ln oil*mach	−0.020	0.016	−0.019	0.017
Ln oil*ferti	0.039	0.043	0.054	0.046
Ln mach*ferti	0.010	0.026	0.002	0.025
Constant	6.882***	0.677	6.842***	0.709	6.644***	0.172	6.661***	0.179
Inefficiency variables
Cotton combines	−0.399**	0.201			−0.333*	0.204
Farmers’ union	−0.532**	0.244			−0.635**	0.255
Farm location to water source	−0.524**	0.238			−0.524**	0.244
Simpson diversity index	−1.560***	0.489			−1.725***	0.489
N = 255
Wald $χ^{2}$ (21) of TL	79.87***		74.50***
Wald $χ^{2}$ (6) of CD					54.74***		46.59***
Log likelihood	−147.4454		−159.0154		−154.9054		−168.5954
Gamma	0.80		0.81		0.77		0.78
Mean technical efficiency	0.63		0.62		0.64		0.62

Frontier	Coef.TLi	Std.Err.	Coef.TL	Std.Err.	Coef.CDi	Std.Err.	Coef.CD	Std.Err.
Ln cotton area	−0.298	0.289	−0.410	0.317	0.029	0.034	0.022	0.035
Ln labour	−0.018	0.211	0.050	0.226	−0.082***	0.028	−0.077***	0.029
Ln oil costs/ha	−0.265	0.204	−0.435**	0.214	0.037	0.026	0.028	0.028
Ln machine costs/ha	0.079	0.145	0.169	0.143	−0.019	0.016	−0.016	0.017
Ln fertiliser costs NPK/ha	0.332	0.226	0.435**	0.227	0.150***	0.037	0.163***	0.039
Soil quality (fertility)	0.255***	0.059	0.223***	0.061	0.257***	0.058	0.232***	0.060
Ln area sq	0.008	0.063	0.051	0.068
Ln labour sq	0.001	0.047	−0.018	0.049
Ln oil costs/ha sq	0.013	0.037	0.034	0.042
Ln machine costs/ha sq	0.001	0.012	−0.008	0.011
Ln fertiliser costs NPK/ha sq	−0.104*	0.061	−0.128**	0.062
Ln area*lab	0.014	0.033	0.008	0.035
Ln area*oil	0.093**	0.037	0.106**	0.044
Ln area*mach	−0.043*	0.024	−0.046*	0.026
Ln area*ferti	0.049	0.049	0.044	0.050
Ln lab*oil	−0.028	0.032	−0.027	0.035
Ln lab*mach	0.021	0.019	0.014	0.018
Ln lab*ferti	−0.023	0.046	−0.019	0.048
Ln oil*mach	−0.020	0.016	−0.019	0.017
Ln oil*ferti	0.039	0.043	0.054	0.046
Ln mach*ferti	0.010	0.026	0.002	0.025
Constant	6.882***	0.677	6.842***	0.709	6.644***	0.172	6.661***	0.179
Inefficiency variables
Cotton combines	−0.399**	0.201			−0.333*	0.204
Farmers’ union	−0.532**	0.244			−0.635**	0.255
Farm location to water source	−0.524**	0.238			−0.524**	0.244
Simpson diversity index	−1.560***	0.489			−1.725***	0.489
N = 255
Wald $χ^{2}$ (21) of TL	79.87***		74.50***
Wald $χ^{2}$ (6) of CD					54.74***		46.59***
Log likelihood	−147.4454		−159.0154		−154.9054		−168.5954
Gamma	0.80		0.81		0.77		0.78
Mean technical efficiency	0.63		0.62		0.64		0.62

Note(s): Translog (TL) TLi was preferred over Cobb-Douglas (CD) CDi. The TLi final model simultaneously estimates production and inefficiency variables. TL and CD are restricted models, without inefficiency variables. The level of significance is ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1

Source(s): Table created by authors

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