Universities included in the analysis
| Autonomous University of Barcelona | University of La Laguna | National Distance Education University (UNED) |
| Autonomous University of Madrid | University of La Rioja | Pablo de Olavide University |
| University Carlos III of Madrid | University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria | Polytechnic University of Cartagena |
| Complutense University of Madrid | University of Leon | Polytechnic university of Valencia |
| University of A Coruña | University of Lleida | Public University of Navarra |
| University of Alcalá | University of Malaga | King Juan Carlos University |
| University of Alicante | University of Murcia | Rovira i Virgili University |
| University of Almeria | University of Oviedo | University of the Balearic Islands |
| University of Barcelona | University of Salamanca | University of Valencia |
| University of Burgos | University of Santiago de Compostela | Jaume I-University of Castellón |
| University of Cadiz | University of Seville | |
| University of Cantabria | University of Valladolid | |
| University of Castille-La Mancha | University of Vigo | |
| University of Cordoba | University of Zaragoza | |
| University of Extremadura | University of the Basque Country | |
| University of Girona | International University of Andalusia | |
| University of Granada | Miguel Hernández-University of Elche | |
| University of Huelva | ||
| University of Jaen |
| Autonomous University of Barcelona | University of La Laguna | National Distance Education University (UNED) |
| Autonomous University of Madrid | University of La Rioja | Pablo de Olavide University |
| University Carlos III of Madrid | University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria | Polytechnic University of Cartagena |
| Complutense University of Madrid | University of Leon | Polytechnic university of Valencia |
| University of A Coruña | University of Lleida | Public University of Navarra |
| University of Alcalá | University of Malaga | King Juan Carlos University |
| University of Alicante | University of Murcia | Rovira i Virgili University |
| University of Almeria | University of Oviedo | University of the Balearic Islands |
| University of Barcelona | University of Salamanca | University of Valencia |
| University of Burgos | University of Santiago de Compostela | Jaume I-University of Castellón |
| University of Cadiz | University of Seville | |
| University of Cantabria | University of Valladolid | |
| University of Castille-La Mancha | University of Vigo | |
| University of Cordoba | University of Zaragoza | |
| University of Extremadura | University of the Basque Country | |
| University of Girona | International University of Andalusia | |
| University of Granada | Miguel Hernández-University of Elche | |
| University of Huelva | ||
| University of Jaen |