Table 3.

Regression model with optimal scaling

All countriesV. responseRR2R2 adj.P. errorF-value
 e-WOM volume0.1970.0390.0370.96123.590**
 Standardized coefficients
PredictorBetaS. ErrorImportanceF-valueSignificance
Emoji presence0.0480.0210.1485.3310.021**
Amount of emojis0.1430.0420.61911.7250.000**
 Time frame0.0980.0110.23483.5440.000**

Note(s): **p-value < 0.01; *p-value < 0.05. Null hypothesis = None of the predictor variables have a statistically significant relationship with the response variable. n for all countries = 9,329

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