Regression model with optimal scaling
| France | V. response | R | R2 | R2 adj. | P. error | F-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| e-WOM | 0.285 | 0.081 | 0.070 | 0.919 | 7.313** | |
| Standardized coefficients | ||||||
| Predictor | Beta | S. error | Importance | F-value | Significance | |
| Emoji presence | 0.046 | 0.040 | −0.031 | 1.316 | 0.251 | |
| Amount of emojis | 0.299 | 0.068 | 1.006 | 19.350 | 0.000** | |
| Time frame | 0.065 | 0.028 | 0.027 | 5.541 | 0.019* | |
| Mexico | V. response | R | R2 | R2 adj. | P. error | F-value |
| e-WOM | 0.066 | 0.004 | 0.002 | 0.996 | 0.733 | |
| Spain | V. response | R | R2 | R2 adj. | P. error | F-value |
| e-WOM | 0.153 | 0.023 | 0.012 | 0.977 | 2.003* | |
| Standardized coefficients | ||||||
| Predictor | Beta | S. error | Importance | F-value | Significance | |
| Emoji presence | 0.061 | 0.033 | −0.019 | 3.405 | 0.065 | |
| Amount of emojis | 0.163 | 0.023 | 0.979 | 50.232 | 0.001** | |
| Time frame | 0.025 | 0.022 | 0.040 | 1.282 | 0.258 | |
| UK | V. response | R | R2 | R2 adj. | P. error | F-value |
| e-WOM | 0.277 | 0.077 | 0.070 | 0.923 | 12.297** | |
| Standardized coefficients | ||||||
| Predictor | Beta | S. error | Importance | F-value | Significance | |
| Emoji presence | 0.128 | 0.133 | 0.024 | 0.939 | 0.333 | |
| Amount of emojis | 0.132 | 0.119 | 0.033 | 1.232 | 0.287 | |
| Time frame | 0.267 | 0.028 | 0.940 | 92.626 | 0.000** | |
| USA | V. response | R | R2 | R2 adj. | P. error | F-value |
| e-WOM | 0.090 | 0.008 | 0.006 | 0.992 | 4.275** | |
| Standardized coefficients | ||||||
| Predictor | Beta | S. error | Importance | F-value | Significance | |
| Emoji presence | 0.124 | 0.036 | 0.674 | 12.189 | 0.000** | |
| Amount of emojis | 0.073 | 0.026 | −0.116 | 8.143 | 0.000** | |
| Time frame | 0.070 | 0.018 | 0.443 | 16.729 | 0.000** | |
| France | V. response | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| e-WOM | 0.285 | 0.081 | 0.070 | 0.919 | 7.313 | |
| Standardized coefficients | ||||||
| Predictor | Beta | S. error | Importance | Significance | ||
| Emoji presence | 0.046 | 0.040 | −0.031 | 1.316 | 0.251 | |
| Amount of emojis | 0.299 | 0.068 | 1.006 | 19.350 | 0.000 | |
| Time frame | 0.065 | 0.028 | 0.027 | 5.541 | 0.019* | |
| Mexico | V. response | |||||
| e-WOM | 0.066 | 0.004 | 0.002 | 0.996 | 0.733 | |
| Spain | V. response | |||||
| e-WOM | 0.153 | 0.023 | 0.012 | 0.977 | 2.003* | |
| Standardized coefficients | ||||||
| Predictor | Beta | S. error | Importance | Significance | ||
| Emoji presence | 0.061 | 0.033 | −0.019 | 3.405 | 0.065 | |
| Amount of emojis | 0.163 | 0.023 | 0.979 | 50.232 | 0.001 | |
| Time frame | 0.025 | 0.022 | 0.040 | 1.282 | 0.258 | |
| UK | ||||||
| e-WOM | 0.277 | 0.077 | 0.070 | 0.923 | 12.297 | |
| Standardized coefficients | ||||||
| Predictor | Beta | S. error | Importance | Significance | ||
| Emoji presence | 0.128 | 0.133 | 0.024 | 0.939 | 0.333 | |
| Amount of emojis | 0.132 | 0.119 | 0.033 | 1.232 | 0.287 | |
| Time frame | 0.267 | 0.028 | 0.940 | 92.626 | 0.000 | |
| USA | V. response | |||||
| e-WOM | 0.090 | 0.008 | 0.006 | 0.992 | 4.275 | |
| Standardized coefficients | ||||||
| Predictor | Beta | S. error | Importance | Significance | ||
| Emoji presence | 0.124 | 0.036 | 0.674 | 12.189 | 0.000 | |
| Amount of emojis | 0.073 | 0.026 | −0.116 | 8.143 | 0.000 | |
| Time frame | 0.070 | 0.018 | 0.443 | 16.729 | 0.000 | |
Note(s): **p-value < 0.01; *p-value < 0.05. Null hypothesis = None of the predictor variables have a statistically significant relationship with the response variable. n for France = 1,258, n for Mexico =1,854, n for Spain = 1,356, n for UK = 1,193, n for USA = 3,668
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